Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist approved for lowering blood glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes, has been associated with restoration of the first-phase insulin response when administered intravenously to patients with type 2 diabetes. In longer clinical trials, it is associated with progressive decreases in body weight, and improvement in the dyslipidemia that characterizes insulin resistance, although insulin resistance was not quantified. The investigators will seek to determine whether exenatide would have similar effects in individuals who were not diabetic. in particular, the drug effect on beta cell function and insulin sensitivity would be subject to less confounding by changes in blood glucose in the prediabetic population, allowing for clearer evaluation of the physiological effects of the drug on these metabolic endpoints. The investigators will compare 2 groups of prediabetic insulin resistant individuals, all on a weight loss diet and one group on exenatide and the other on placebo. The investigators will evaluate restoration of first phase insulin response, potential glucose lowering effects, including both reversal of prediabetes and hypoglycemia, and improvement in insulin resistance.

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease representing a major public health challenge. Indeed, overweight and obese people carry a major risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols could be used to counteract some of the mechanisms involved in the generation of insulin resistance. The model of overfeeding represents a very good study model of the metabolic complications of obesity, since it has been shown to induce a transient state of insulin resistance in the human. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of a overfeeding (+50% of daily caloric needs over 31 days) with or without polyphenols supplementation (2g/days over 31 days) on insulin sensitivity measured in the setting of a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and on post prandial partitioning of exogenous lipids after a test meal. During 31 days, the volunteers will consume chocolate bars, chips, chocolate breads and cola in addition to their usual diet and will be supplemented with 2g of grape polyphenols extract or with placebo.

The main purpose of this study is to assess factors mediating the changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance before and after 10 lbs ± or 2% weight loss reduction as well as 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of a low calorie diet. The investigators will also study the following: The impact of diet induced weight loss on hormones/adipokine levels The impact of diet induced weight loss on leptin tolerance

The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of increasing doses of pinitol on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and to evaluate the absorption of pinitol after consumption of an oral nutritive pinitol-enriched beverage in healthy subjects.

Obese Adolescents will be evaluated for insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on insulin sensitivity in normal weight and overweight adults.

The purpose of this study is to help understand the benefits of eating food supplemented with fiber in the form of sugarcane bagasse (the leftover fiber after cane juice is extracted) on glucose metabolism and body weight.

Guided imagery, a mind-body complementary/alternative treatment modality, offers promise to reduce stress and promote lifestyle behavior change to reduce diabetes and heart disease risk in obese Latino adolescents. The overall purpose of this study was to determine whether guided imagery, could reduce diabetes risk in obese Latino adolescents undergoing a lifestyle intervention. The specific objectives were: 1) To pilot test a new 12-week lifestyle intervention in obese Latino adolescents, in order to determine the effects of the mind-body technique of Interactive Guided ImagerySM, over and above those of healthy lifestyle education, on eating and physical activity behaviors, stress and stress biomarkers, and hormonal markers of diabetes risk; and 2) To explore the way that changes in stress produced by the intervention were associated with changes in hormonal markers of diabetes risk, particularly insulin resistance. The investigators hypothesized that participants who received guided imagery program in addition to the healthy lifestyle education would show greater improvements in insulin resistance, physical activity, dietary intake, and stress, than those receiving the healthy lifestyle education without the guided imagery. The investigators further hypothesized that reductions in stress due to the intervention would be associated with improvements in insulin resistance, a major hormonal marker of diabetes risk. For this study, obese, Latino adolescents (age 14-17) were randomized to receive either 12 weekly sessions of the lifestyle education plus guided imagery program, or lifestyle education plus a digital storytelling computer program (as a control). Outcome measures were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention, comparing the differences between the intervention groups behavioral (eating and physical activity behaviors), biological (insulin resistance and stress hormones), and psychological (stress) outcomes.

Background: - Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use for energy. Insulin resistance means that cells may not respond to insulin normally. It can lead to serious diseases. Researchers want to see how diet affects insulin resistance, weight, and brain chemicals related to Alzheimer s disease. Objectives: - To compare two forms of diet and their effects on insulin resistance and the brain. Eligibility: - Women ages 55 70 with insulin resistance. Design: This study requires 6 clinic visits over 9 12 weeks. Participants must fast before visits. Visit 1, screening: Medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. Participants will get a wrist device to wear for 4 days. Visit 2: Weight and waist measurement. Blood drawn. Questionnaires and thinking tests. Lumbar puncture. Skin will be numbed and a needle inserted between bones in the back will remove <TAB>fluid. Participants will drink a nutrition shake. Blood will be taken 12 times over 4 <TAB>hours through a thin tube in <TAB>the arm. Brain MRI. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a cylinder in a strong magnetic field. <TAB>They will have a coil on their head and may do tasks. Participants will get advice about healthy eating and be randomly put in one of 2 groups. One group will get <TAB>nutrition shakes to drink. Visits 3 5: Weight and waist measurements, vital signs, blood draw, and questionnaires. Between visits, participants will get a call or email to check how they are doing. Visit 6: Repeat of visit 1. Participants will wear the wrist device for 4 more days, have a follow-up contact, then the study is finished.

BACKGROUND: The relation between gut microbiota and obesity originates from animal studies, showing that the change of gut microbiota can induce changes in both insulin resistance and body composition. In addition, these studies have shown changes in gut permeability inducing a pro-inflammatory state, changes in adipose tissue function and inflammation, effects on energy harvesting and metabolism, skeletal muscle fatty acid partitioning and fat oxidation. Human data is lacking, although several studies suggested that the composition of the gut microbiota differs between lean and obese, and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. OBJECTIVE: To provide insight in the physiological significance and underlying mechanisms involved in the relation between gut microbiota, energy balance and insulin sensitivity in overweight men with impaired glucose homeostasis.