Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of increasing doses of pinitol on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and to evaluate the absorption of pinitol after consumption of an oral nutritive pinitol-enriched beverage in healthy subjects.

Obese Adolescents will be evaluated for insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction.

The main purpose of this study is to assess factors mediating the changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance before and after 10 lbs ± or 2% weight loss reduction as well as 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of a low calorie diet. The investigators will also study the following: The impact of diet induced weight loss on hormones/adipokine levels The impact of diet induced weight loss on leptin tolerance

The proposed study aims to investigate that consumption of grape seed extract (GSE) would improve antioxidant status and impaired insulin action following consumption of a pro-oxidative high carbohydrate, high fat (HCHF) meal in healthy human subjects.

Background: - Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use for energy. Insulin resistance means that cells may not respond to insulin normally. It can lead to serious diseases. Researchers want to see how diet affects insulin resistance, weight, and brain chemicals related to Alzheimer s disease. Objectives: - To compare two forms of diet and their effects on insulin resistance and the brain. Eligibility: - Women ages 55 70 with insulin resistance. Design: This study requires 6 clinic visits over 9 12 weeks. Participants must fast before visits. Visit 1, screening: Medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. Participants will get a wrist device to wear for 4 days. Visit 2: Weight and waist measurement. Blood drawn. Questionnaires and thinking tests. Lumbar puncture. Skin will be numbed and a needle inserted between bones in the back will remove <TAB>fluid. Participants will drink a nutrition shake. Blood will be taken 12 times over 4 <TAB>hours through a thin tube in <TAB>the arm. Brain MRI. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a cylinder in a strong magnetic field. <TAB>They will have a coil on their head and may do tasks. Participants will get advice about healthy eating and be randomly put in one of 2 groups. One group will get <TAB>nutrition shakes to drink. Visits 3 5: Weight and waist measurements, vital signs, blood draw, and questionnaires. Between visits, participants will get a call or email to check how they are doing. Visit 6: Repeat of visit 1. Participants will wear the wrist device for 4 more days, have a follow-up contact, then the study is finished.

BACKGROUND: The relation between gut microbiota and obesity originates from animal studies, showing that the change of gut microbiota can induce changes in both insulin resistance and body composition. In addition, these studies have shown changes in gut permeability inducing a pro-inflammatory state, changes in adipose tissue function and inflammation, effects on energy harvesting and metabolism, skeletal muscle fatty acid partitioning and fat oxidation. Human data is lacking, although several studies suggested that the composition of the gut microbiota differs between lean and obese, and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. OBJECTIVE: To provide insight in the physiological significance and underlying mechanisms involved in the relation between gut microbiota, energy balance and insulin sensitivity in overweight men with impaired glucose homeostasis.

Early research found that high levels of fat within muscle meant poorer control of blood sugar. However, more recent research has shown that athletes have similar levels of fat within muscle, but in contrast, they have very good control of blood sugar. The investigators are not sure why this is and want to find out if the fat within muscle can be changed to improve blood sugar control, as good blood sugar control reduces the risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke.

A goal of this study is to use a novel methodology to determine whether insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to the accumulation of proteins with modifications. This could lead to future research to determine if these modifications interfere with their proper function. Additionally, the investigators will determine how protein quality is affected by exercise training. Aerobic exercise enhances the endogenous oxidant buffering systems which may minimize oxidative damage to proteins. The investigators propose that aerobic exercise minimizes the accrual of modified proteins by increasing the synthesis of new proteins, but also by increasing the degradation and removal of old and damaged proteins. Based on our previous studies the investigators observed that insulin affects plasma protein synthesis and aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity not only in muscle but also in liver. The investigators therefore propose that aerobic exercise and related increase in insulin sensitivity (and decline in insulin levels) will reduce accumulation of old and modified skeletal muscle and plasma proteins leading to improved function.

In the present study, the effects of 7 days of bed rest on muscle mass, muscle fiber characteristics and insulin sensitivity will be determined.

Background To evaluate clinical results, insulin resistance and inflammatory response to trauma in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy who received either traditional preoperative care or treatment following the ACERTO protocol.