Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The main objectives of this study are to test the hypotheses that: 1) consumption of beverages sweetened with sucrose will increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a greater extent than a naturally-sweetened fruit juice such as orange juice, and 2) chronic psychological stress may augment the adverse metabolic effects of sugar intake. The study intervention consists of 2-week's consumption of 25% of energy as sugar provided either as a sucrose-sweetened beverage or naturally-sweetened orange juice.

Exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist approved for lowering blood glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes, has been associated with restoration of the first-phase insulin response when administered intravenously to patients with type 2 diabetes. In longer clinical trials, it is associated with progressive decreases in body weight, and improvement in the dyslipidemia that characterizes insulin resistance, although insulin resistance was not quantified. The investigators will seek to determine whether exenatide would have similar effects in individuals who were not diabetic. in particular, the drug effect on beta cell function and insulin sensitivity would be subject to less confounding by changes in blood glucose in the prediabetic population, allowing for clearer evaluation of the physiological effects of the drug on these metabolic endpoints. The investigators will compare 2 groups of prediabetic insulin resistant individuals, all on a weight loss diet and one group on exenatide and the other on placebo. The investigators will evaluate restoration of first phase insulin response, potential glucose lowering effects, including both reversal of prediabetes and hypoglycemia, and improvement in insulin resistance.

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease representing a major public health challenge. Indeed, overweight and obese people carry a major risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols could be used to counteract some of the mechanisms involved in the generation of insulin resistance. The model of overfeeding represents a very good study model of the metabolic complications of obesity, since it has been shown to induce a transient state of insulin resistance in the human. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of a overfeeding (+50% of daily caloric needs over 31 days) with or without polyphenols supplementation (2g/days over 31 days) on insulin sensitivity measured in the setting of a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and on post prandial partitioning of exogenous lipids after a test meal. During 31 days, the volunteers will consume chocolate bars, chips, chocolate breads and cola in addition to their usual diet and will be supplemented with 2g of grape polyphenols extract or with placebo.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with a variety of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and clinical symptoms. The primary defect in PCOS consists of an abnormal androgen synthesis and secretion, particularly by ovarian theca cells. Insulin resistance and obesity may act as triggers, explaining the frequent association of PCOS with these metabolic conditions. Hyperinsulinaemia, which results from insulin resistance, stimulates both ovarian and adrenal androgen secretion and suppresses sex hormone-binding globulin synthesis from the liver. It results in an increase in free, biologically active androgens which are related to clinical signs such as hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, and alopecia. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) therapy is a common treatment for PCOS and it was widely used in this group of patients providing clinical improvement in the areas of excessive hair growth, unpredictable menses, acne, and weight gain. More recent studies outlined a deficiency in myo-inositol in women with PCOS and insulin-resistance. Myo-inositol is a precursor for many inositol-containing compounds and it plays critical and diverse roles in signal transduction, membrane biogenesis, vesicle trafficking, and chromatin remodeling. It is a precursor in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates (PIPs) that are a source of several second messengers. It has been reported that the administration of myo-inositol reduces serum insulin, decreases serum testosterone and enhances ovulation. Due to the different beneficial actions, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical, metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with COC (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol)alone or in combination with myo-inositol, in young women with PCOS and insulin resistance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lowered physical activity (resulting in decreased muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity) alone and together with increased plasma free fatty acid availability (by infusion of a clinically widely used lipid emulsion (Intralipid)) on insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism. To this end, we will compare skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism (within one subject) after 9 days of immobilization of one leg (unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS))(decreased muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity) versus an active control leg (unchanged muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity). Further, changes in IMCL and fatty acid intermediates will be investigated in the immobilized vs the control leg, and this will be related to insulin sensitivity. The effectiveness of the ULLS intervention will be tested by measuring muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in both the immobilized and the control leg. All measurements will be performed both in the immobilized and control leg after 9 days of ULLS.

Inositol in involved in the insulin pathway. In literature it has been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity and ovarian function in women affected by PCOS. In a preliminary study conducted on obese children between 7 and 15 years, the investigators have demonstrated that Inositol administration (Myo-inositol 1100 mg + D-Chiro-inositol 27,6 mg + Folic Acid 400 μg) before a Glucose Oral Tolerance Test reduces the increase of insulin levels, particularly in subjects with basal insulin ≥ 15 uU/ml. So the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of inositol, as non-pharmacologic agent, in preventing tipe II diabetes in children.

A multicenter, open-label, single-arm, extension study with regard to the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin in patients with refractory diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance.

The world prevalence of obesity in adult population in 2016 was 650 million while in Indonesia, it has increased from 14,8 percent to 21,8 percent in 2018. Obesity is an established risk factors for metabolic and non communicable- diseases. The purpose of this research was to assess the different effect on waist circumference, insulin resistance and oxidative stress marker between fasting (intervention) group and not fasting (control) group after 8 weeks 5:2 intermittent fasting (IF) among obese male workers.

This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study is intended to observe the short-term effects of the GFL System Diet with Release supplement versus GFL System Diet with placebo on glycemic metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 DM.

The purpose of this study is to identify evidence-based guidelines for treating major depressive disorder to full remission in Taiwanese major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. To achieve this goal, the investigators aim to: (1) evaluate the risks and benefits of adjunctive pharmacotherapies for cognitive and metabolic consequences in MDD, and (2) clarify the shared biological mechanisms between mood, immune and metabolism homeostasis