Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The aim of the current study is to test whether the effect of estrogen on insulin metabolism depends on the timing of treatment relative to when a woman went through menopause. The investigators hypothesize that estrogen will improve insulin sensitivity in early postmenopausal women, but decrease insulin sensitivity in late postmenopausal women.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of endurance on PSA doubling time in prostate cancer patients with an elevation in PSA following radical prostatectomy for localized cancer. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms such as reduction in inflammatory markers and improvement in insulin sensitivity and body composition are investigated.

Nicotinic acid (Niacin) has been used for many years for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Indeed Niacin decreases triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) but more importantly increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Although the drug has been used for so long, its precise mechanism of action remains elusive. The aim of this study was to characterise the metabolic changes induced by 8 week treatment with Niacin in dyslipidemic, overweight patients. The importance of the inhibition of lipolysis on the overall lipid effects of niacin will be studied. In order to get a very comprehensive view of all metabolic activities of niacin, this study will investigate the potential effects of niacin on Glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein turnover, quantitative changes in lipoproteins and key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.

The study is being conducted to find out why too much fat in your blood stream may cause insulin resistance in your muscles. Insulin is the hormone, produced normally by your body, which causes your blood sugar to return to normal after you eat.

Elevated circulating levels of certain amino acids (the building blocks of protein) are strongly associated with insulin resistance. This study will investigate the metabolism of these amino acids in individuals with normal glucose metabolism compared to overweight or obese pre-diabetic individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine how elevated levels of the branched-chain amino acids may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and ultimately diabetes. An additional purpose is to determine whether exercise or gastric bypass (GBP) surgery intervention can correct aberrations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism as insulin sensitivity improves. This information will be used to further our understanding of the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in at-risk populations and potentially improve clinical treatment of such conditions.

Obesity is an epidemic in Western society and is the biggest risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The investigators have recently shown that exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) leads to an increase insulin sensitivity in males ubjects and that this improvement can be measured in all men, not just those with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the time course of this effect and explore the mechanisms involved. The investigators suspect that insulin sensitivity as measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp will be increased within the time-frame of one 2-hour hyperbaric oxygen exposure, and that the improvement will be measurable in females as well as males.

The aim of this study is to investigate potential metabolic effects of resveratrol in men with metabolic syndrome(otherwise healthy). The investigators hypothesize that resveratrol has an anti-inflammatory effect, and will increase insulin sensitivity, change the fat- and sugar-metabolism, and down-regulate bone-turnover.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the chronic treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with dapagliflozin on: (1) mitochondrial gene function/expression and insulin signaling/action and (2) oral glucose tolerance and beta cell function. Dapagliflozin is a potent, highly specific inhibitor of renal glucose transport [SGLT2].

The objective of this study is to assess whether intake of baked and then chilled potatoes over a 24-h period, compared to intake of isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO)-matched foods low in fiber and resistant starch (RS), will increase insulin sensitivity, breath hydrogen and satiety, and decrease hunger and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in overweight or obese men and women at risk for metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.

The study team will investigate the racial differences in the metabolic and clinical responses to Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) between African American and Caucasian American subjects.