Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

this is an observertional study aimed at Study the association between Insulin resistance estimated by HOMA and Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Non Diabetic & Non Obese Patients.

The aim of the prospective observational DISTEMI-Study in people with and without Diabetes mellitus (DI) after new onset of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) aged 18-80 years at inclusion into the study is to characterize in detail the clinical, metabolical, immunological and vascular phenotype, investigate the interplay between myocardial remodelling and the metabolic phenotype, monitor the progression of the disease and compare the phenotype of STEMI people with diabetes mellitus to people with prediabetes and glucose tolerant people.

The aim of this study is to describe the metabolic changes during pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes in order to detect the pathophysiological mechanisms behind severe insulin resistance during pregnancy as well as the short- and long term consequences for mother and child. Included pathophysiological mechanisms potentially associated with severe insulin resistance are: Maternal hormonal, inflammatory and metabolic markers in the blood, as well as the level, content and bioactivity of exosomes and genetic variants associated with overweight and diabetes. In addition to the analysis on maternal blood, the same analysis will be performed on umbilical cord blood in order to determine the correlation between markers associated with insulin sensitivity in maternal and umbilical blood. Furthermore, fetal metabolic changes influence on fetal growth and development will be evaluated. Postpartum, the breast milk will also be examined for metabolic active substances that could influence the newborns growth and metabolism. Investigating one potential short-term consequence of diabetes during pregnancy, the association between insulin resistance and structural and functional changes in the placenta will be examined as well as the consequences of such changes on fetal growth and development. Investigating one potential long-term consequence of diabetes during pregnancy, the association between treatment with high doses of insulin during pregnancy and the future risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and heart failure will be examined.

The purpose of this study is: To explore to what extent insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism and ectopic lipid storage can be improved by bariatric surgery To explore to what extent hepatic and muscular disorders of energy metabolism occur in patients with obesity (degree 2-3) To explore whether the steato liver occurring in patients with obesity (degree 2-3) is associated with the degree of liver inflammation

Regular exercise participation is known to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk but the impact that exercise training has on adipose tissue (AT) metabolism is poorly understood, particularly in humans. It is well established that exercise training improves whole-body glucose levels and increases insulin sensitivity, and this can occur within one or two weeks. These effects are usually due to adaptations in skeletal muscle, the tissue responsible for the majority of glucose disposal. However, many studies have now determined that exercise training also results in adaptations in AT that improve whole-body metabolic health by improving glucose uptake into the AT. Skeletal muscle is thought to account for approximately 75-85% of glucose uptake , and this process is impaired in .individuals who are insulin-resistant state. It is postulated that the increased level of adiposity that accompanies severe obesity would result in higher dependency on AT for glucose uptake as the AT would be a bigger "sink". Thus the role of AT in inducing whole body insulin resistance is still unclear, particularly in individuals with obesity. This study will examine the changes in AT glucose uptake before and after 4 weeks of exercise training in obese individuals and establish if there are sex differences.

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is a type of exercise that involves alternating periods of intense exercise with periods of rest. HIIE has been shown to improve many aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic health in a time-efficient manner (e.g., only 20 minutes per exercise session). An important health benefit of exercise is improved blood sugar control, which can help reduce the risk of metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes. A single session of HIIE has been shown to improve blood sugar in males, but it is unknown if females achieve the same health benefit. It is also not fully understood how exercise improves blood sugar in males and females. Therefore, the purpose of this project is 1) to determine if a single session of HIIE improves blood sugar control in males and females, and 2) to evaluate if changes in skeletal muscle can explain the beneficial effects of HIIE on blood sugar.

Beside well described peripheral effects, insulin can also affect the human central nervous system. Centrally acting insulin seems to have an influence e.g. on whole-body metabolism and food intake. Targeting insulin receptors in the central nervous system can modulate peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as pancreatic insulin secretion. In humans, the effect of insulin can be measured in different brain areas as estimate of central nervous insulin sensitivity. Reduced central nervous insulin sensitivity, called "central insulin resistance," has been associated, for example, with obesity, unfavorable body fat distribution, and impaired cognitive functionality. Recently novel subtypes and risk clusters of diabetes and prediabetes have been identified. In this study the investigators want to investigate and compare central nervous insulin sensitivity as well as cognitive function in the different diabetes and prediabetes risk clusters.

The focus of this cross-sectional study is to determine the effects of tissue-specific (adipose tissue or muscle) vs global (combined) insulin resistance (IR) on hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis in humans, and to determine differential effects of an acute exercise intervention on hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis in these groups.

The overarching goal of the current study is to investigate the effect of one acute bout of exercise on the brain insulin responsiveness in a cross-over study design. To this end, investigators will compare the effect of two single endurance exercise sessions with different intensities, namely moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT), which will be performed in a randomized order. This will be compared to a waiting control condition.

To determine whether pharmacologic inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with eritoran for injection (E5564) will reduce inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in insulin resistant (obese and T2DM) subjects.