Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes have increased risk of developing diabetes and are typically more insulin resistant than their peers with no diabetes family history. We have recently demonstrated that, in contrast to their sedentary counterparts, physically active offspring are not insulin resistant. In the proposed controlled clinical study, we will examine the effects of a moderate exercise programme on insulin resistance, and other metabolic risk factors, in sedentary offspring and matched control subjects. We hypothesise that offspring will exhibit an augmented response to exercise, thereby normalising their predisposition to an adverse metabolic profile. We will also investigate expression of adipokines and other genes in adipose tissue to determine whether these contribute to the increased insulin resistance observed in offspring and whether they are influenced by exercise. The results will help to determine the efficacy of exercise in normalising metabolism in offspring and will help elucidate the mechanisms involved.

To compare anthropometric and metabolic effects of a comprehensive weight management program on obese adolescents and children in comparison to regular clinical weight management visits.

A. HYPOTHESES: In older men low testosterone levels, abdominal obesity and elevated fasting insulin who are at risk for the cardiovascular complications such as heart attack and stroke. Supplemental testosterone will decrease abdominal adipose tissue and hepatic fat) and appendicular fat and intramyocellular lipid in peripheral muscles (IMCL). Supplemental testosterone will improve insulin sensitivity by: Decreasing hepatic glucose output (HGO), a measure of central insulin resistance increasing peipheral glucose disposal (Rd), a measure of periperal insuln sensiivity . Improving peripheral glucose disposal (Rd) by reducing IMCL Increasing appendicular skeletal muscle mass B. OBJECTIVES: Primary Objective: To determine the effects of supplemental testosterone to achieve testosterone levels in the upper normal physiologic range on central adipose tissue (abdominal and hepatic fat) and peripheral skeletal muscle fat (appendicular fat and IMCL). Secondary Objectives: To determine the effects of supplemental testosterone to achieve testosterone levels in the upper normal physiologic range:on central insulin sensitivity ( hepatic glucose output ([HGO]) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal (Rd) Results of this study will provide greater understanding whether androgen therapy enhances insulin sensitivity by decreasing HGO, improving peripheral Rd and if these desired effects are achieved, whether they are due to reductions in abdominal fat or liver lipid, IMCL or effects of augmenting muscle mass per se. Results will generate hypotheses to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of androgen effects in persons at risk for the Metabolic Syndrome.

Angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) have been recognized recently as regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in adipocytes and adipose tissue.Moreover telmisartan and irbesartan have been recognized recently as regulators of glucose metabolism. For ARB losartan, the results were controversial. To confirm its effect on glucose metabolism, we designed and performed a prospective, randomized and controlled study in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.

Background: 18B Glycyrrhetinic acid (active compound of Licorice) decreases serum potassium via enhanced renal potassium loss in healthy individuals and thereby inducing renal sodium retention and arterial hypertension.In dialysis patients this mechanism is disturbed and compensatory intestinal potassium secretion is enhanced. 18B Glycyrrhetinic acid is an inhibitor of 11B Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b HSD1). Inhibition of 11 b HSD1 offers a novel potential therapy to lower intracellular cortisol concentrations and thereby enhance insulin sensitivity. Hypothesis: Glycyrrhetinic acid decreases serum potassium by enhanced intestinal excretion in dialysis patients and increases insulin sensivity by inhibition of 11b HSD Methods: double blind, 6 month cross over trial comparing oral 18b Glycyrrhetinic acid with placebo in 24 nondiabetic dialysis patients. Endpoints: predialytic serum potassium levels, insuline sensitivity assessed by fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations

Insulin resistance is a central feature of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (Stumvoll et al. 2005). Hypo- and hyperglycemic states are associated with adverse inpatient outcomes (ADA et al. 2006 Diab Care) and with the development of microvascular complications (UKPDS 34 Lancet 1998). A long known therapy for the acute treatment of patients with deteriorated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance are carbohydrate days. The principle of the therapy was firstly introduced in 1903 by Carl von Noorden (Noorden et al. 1903). The diabetic patients were treated for several days with a carbohydrate rich diet with fat restriction. Surprisingly, this resulted in an amelioration of glucosuria. Today it's still a valuable tool for patients with uncontrollable diabetes mellitus and severe insulin resistance (Willms B. 1989). But up to now there has been no systemic evaluation of carbohydrate days in patients with deteriorated Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. The investigators conducted a pilot study with 14 patients to evaluate the efficacy of two days of oatmeal on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in an acute clinical setting and after a four week outpatient period. Inclusion criteria were type 2 diabetes with deteriorated glucose metabolism, insulin resistance defined as an insulin dosage of more than 1 U per day and kg bodyweight. Within this pilot trial the investigators found a marked decrease of insulin requirements (~40%) and mean daily blood glucose to a mean blood glucose of 114.7±36.7 mg/dl in the acute setting as well as after the four week outpatient period (Lammert et al. 2006). The most important shortcomings of this study were the hypocaloric interventions in both groups (diabetes-adapted diet: 1500kcal/d vs. oatmeal 1200kcal/d) making it difficult to attribute the observed effects to oatmeal alone as well as the uncontrolled nature. These design flaws have been addressed within this new clinical trial. The investigators plan an open label, cross-over study with isocaloric interventions (oatmeal and diabetes-adapted diet: ~ 1200kcal/d). The intervention comprises two days of oatmeal (third and fourth day) within a 5 day hospital stay. The control is only treated with 5 days of diabetes adapted diet. Thereafter, the patients are followed every four weeks for an overall of 16 weeks.

The aim of this study is to find out whether the hypoglycemic and improving insulin resistance effect will appear or not, when EA applying on specific acupoints of NIDDM patients.

This study will evaluate the effects of combination treatment with aripiprazole and clozapine on insulin resistance, blood fat levels, and weight gain in people diagnosed with schizophrenia.

The aim of the study is to determine, in patients presenting hepatic iron overload (genetic haemochtomatisis or dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome), the effects of venesection therapy on cytochrome P450 2E1 activity by comparing the rates of metabolization of chlorzoxazone before and after venesection.

The aim of this study is to verify the beneficial effects on insulin resistance and fetal sonographic parameters of a diet supplementation of myoinositol taken during the third trimester by pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes. Participants should be randomly allocated to take either myoinositol or placebo twice/day for 8 weeks. The effect of myoinositol will be checked in blood samples (insulinemia and Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance "HOMA-IR") and in fetal sonographic parameters after 4 and 8 weeks from the beginning of the nutritional supplementation.