Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE IF 24 WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH VALSARTAN (80 MG - 320 MG) IMPROVES INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN SUBJECTS WITH HIGHER THAN NORMAL GLUCOSE LEVELS USING A TEST CALLED THE EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP.

This is a study with an approved drug for treating type 2 diabetes, for its effects on treating glucose and lipid abnormalities in patients being treated with first or second-generation antipsychotics, and comparison of effects of this drug with another treatment lifestyle modification. Patients who meet inclusion criteria will be treated with pioglitazone for 12 weeks. They will be evaluated for fasting glucose and lipids, glucose-tolerance tests, and neurocognitive battery and tests of verbal memory at baseline and during treatment with pioglitazone.

The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the effect of topiramate on insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and (2) the safety of topiramate in type 2 diabetic patients. The study will also investigate the effect of topiramate on body weight, body fat, fat distribution, and metabolic control including both glucose and lipid levels.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether oral cinnamon extract are effective in reducing insulin resistance parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Type 2 diabetes results when the body does not produce enough insulin and/or is unable to properly use the insulin it makes (insulin resistance). This study was undertaken to assess the effects of vildagliptin on insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

This study is designed to test whether WelChol (colesevelam HC1) improves blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes by making their own insulin work more efficiently.

Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia contribute to negative outcomes in burned patients. We will assess insulin sensitivity in traditional terms of glucose metabolism, and with regard to the responsiveness of both muscle and liver protein metabolism, in severely burned patients. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and tissue TG levels will be manipulated via inhibition of peripheral lipolysis with nicotinic acid or activation of plasma lipoprotein lipase activity with heparin, stimulation of tissue fatty acid oxidation and thus reduction of tissue TG with the peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist fenofibrate. Methodological approaches will include stable isotope tracer techniques to quantify kinetic responses of protein, glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, quantification of intracellular stores of TG and glycogen by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), as well as quantitative analysis of tissue levels of active products of fatty acids, key intermediates of the insulin signaling pathway, glycogen, the enzyme activities of citrate synthase and glycogen synthase and the activity of the muscle mitochondria. These studies will clarify the physiological and clinical significance of the alterations of tissue lipid metabolism that occur after burn injury, thereby forming the basis for new therapeutic approaches not only in this specific clinical condition but in other clinical circumstances in which hepatic and/or muscle TG is elevated. We will investigate the general hypothesis that the accumulation of intracellular TG in liver and muscle either directly causes insulin resistance in those tissues or serves as an indictor of the intracellular accumulation of active fatty acid products, such as fatty acyl CoA and diacylglycerol, which in turn disrupt insulin action. The following specific hypotheses will be investigated: Intracellular TG is elevated in both muscle and liver in severely burned patients. The reduction of the fat in the liver and the insulin resistance will improve clinical outcomes, glucose and protein metabolism. The insulin signaling pathway, as reflected by phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and PKC activity, is impaired in tissues with elevated TG. Fatty acids, or their active intracellular products, are the direct inhibitors of insulin action, rather than the tissue TG itself.

This is a study to: Determine the difference between strong hypo-energetic "standard diet advice" and modest hypo-energetic "personal diet advice"; and Determine the influence of insulin-insensitivity on obesity and weight reduction by treating patients with metformin or placebo.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of tight control of serum glucose levels with an intensive insulin treatment in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit with medical and surgical patients.

This study will examine whether dark chocolate affects the way patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) respond to insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose (sugar) levels. In many people with hypertension, insulin is not as effective in helping the body use glucose. This is called insulin resistance. Insulin also increases blood flow into muscle by opening inactive blood vessels. Laboratory studies suggest that eating dark chocolate may improve blood pressure. This study will determine whether dark chocolate improves insulin resistance or changes how blood vessels react to insulin in hypertensive people. People between 21 and 65 years of age who have high blood pressure and are not pregnant may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history, physical examination, and blood and urine tests. Participants refrain from eating foods containing chocolate or cocoa for 1 week and then come to the clinic on three separate occasions 3 weeks apart for a glucose clamp test and contrast ultrasound, described below. At the first glucose clamp test, subjects are randomly assigned to drink either a cocoa drink with high anti-oxidant content or one with a very low content of anti-oxidant. Each drink will be taken twice a day for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks, they return for a second glucose clamp test. At the second test, they stop taking the cocoa drink for 1 week and then start again for another 2 weeks. For this 2-week period, those who were given the high anti-oxidant content cocoa drink the first 2 weeks will take the placebo, very low anti-oxidant drink this time, and those who took the placebo will now have the high anti-oxidant cocoa drink. After this 2 weeks of taking the cocoa drink or placebo, they then take the third and last glucose clamp test. Glucose clamp test: This test measures how the body responds to insulin. Subjects fast the night before each test and do not eat until the test is over, usually in the early afternoon. For the test, the subject lies in a bed or reclines in a chair. A needle is placed in a vein in each arm - one for collecting blood samples and the other for infusing glucose, insulin, and a potassium solution. Blood glucose and insulin levels are measured frequently during the test and the rate of the glucose infusion is adjusted to keep blood glucose at the baseline (fasting) level. Blood samples are tested for blood count, electrolytes, liver function...