Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

This research is to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection vs. β-lactam antibiotics for injection +/- Azithromycin for Injection) on the early deterioration or progression (<72 h of treatment) of community acquired pneumonia and to study the effect of the early deterioration or progression on the prognosis of community acquired pneumonia.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disease burden of hospitalized patients with CAP and HCAP in real life of China

Medical clowns are known to assist in relaxing children and allowing better cooperation during performance of medical procedures. The ability of medical clowns to improve the motivation of children to perform active tasks was never examined to date. The investigators would like to examine the influence of the clowns' presence on the performance of pulmonary function test.

To assess the molecular epidemiology, clinical impact, treatment outcome and risk factors for infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs in Italy in a large multicenter observational survey. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To collect consecutive nonreplicate isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins from clinical specimens from inpatients and outpatients. To characterize the isolates for resistance phenotypes and for β-lactam resistance mechanisms. To investigate the clonality of isolates. To analyse the epidemiology of various resistance mechanisms/resistant clones. To collect clinical and epidemiological data for patients with infections caused by the ESBL producers. To analyse the epidemiology, risk factors and outcome for infections caused by ESBL producers.

We propose to develop novel diagnostic tests for severe sepsis and community acquired pneumonia (CAP). This program, entitled Community Acquired Pneumonia & Sepsis Outcome Diagnostics (CAPSOD), is a multidisciplinary collaboration involving investigators at six organizations: NCGR; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana Centers for Applied Protein Sciences, Indianapolis, IN; and ProSanos Corp., La Jolla, CA. In the United States, Community Acquired Pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of death and the number one cause of death from infectious diseases. Of the 5.6 million annual cases of CAP, 1.1 million require hospitalization for intensive therapy. Sepsis, commonly known as blood poisoning or bloodstream infection, is the tenth leading cause of death in the US and the number one cause of death in non-cardiac intensive care units. Incidence of sepsis is increasing by 9% each year and mortality rates vary between 25 and 50%. Cost to the US healthcare system exceeds $20 billion each year. In patients with suspected sepsis or early CAP, rapid identification of patients who will develop severe sepsis or CAP is critical for effective management and positive outcome. The CAPSOD study is designed to identify novel tests for early diagnosis of severe sepsis and CAP. When performed in patients at the earliest stages of disease, these tests will have prognostic value, rapidly identifying those who will have poor outcomes or complicated courses. CAPSOD will prospectively enroll patients with sepsis and CAP at Duke University Medical Center and Henry Ford Hospital. The study will use advanced bioinformatic, metabolomic, proteomic and mRNA sequencing technologies to identify specific protein changes, or biomarkers, in patient blood samples that predict outcome in sepsis and CAP. Development of biomarker-based tests will permit patient selection for appropriate disposition, such as the intensive care unit, and use of intensive medical therapies, thereby reducing mortality and increasing effectiveness of resource allocation.

In Pakistan, numerous policies have been formulated in the past on pneumonia management translated into various programs. However, despite completion, the state of pneumonia mortality remains unchanged as no sustainable solutions have been yielded by these programs. This is probably because there was no ownership of these policies and programs at the provincial, district and community level. We, therefore, plan to understand pneumonia related policy environment within Pakistan to identify gaps in this system through a two phased study. The first will be qualitative with key informant interviews conducted from relevant stakeholders, e.g, policy makers, practitioners, academicians, researchers etc., to understand how policies are conceptualized. Data will be analyzed through an integrated approach in a software. The second phase will social network research conducted by studying actors linked together by social relations. This will be achieved through net mapping exercise to understand, discuss, and visualize how various actors influence pneumonia related outcomes through technical and financial links. Data will be analyzed through the Organizational Risk Analyzer (ORA) which is a meta-network assessment and analysis tool. This study will be the first of its kind for under-five pneumonia and will guide policy makers for creating effective solutions to combat the disease.

Pneumonia are the most frequent infections in ICU. Little is known about beta-lactam doses necessary for this infection for patients treated with continuous veino-veinous hemodialysis. The pharmacokinetic variability expose to over and underdosage leading to toxicity or therapeutic failure. The aim of this study is to define if beta-lactams doses used in pneumonia for patients with acute kidney injury treated with our hemodialysis conditions lead to beta-lactam therapeutic plasma levels.

This study is observational and double blind. It evaluates the validity of presepsin (a serum biomarker of bacterial infections) as early biomarker of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. It will be measured at day 0 (ICU admission) and every 48 hours in every patient with Sars-Cov 2 interstitial pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (see inclusion ad exclusion criteria) until Day 30, ICU discharge or ICU death. There will be no change in clinical practice and in pneumonia diagnosis. We will examine how the elevation of presepsin level could be an early marker of ventilator associated pneumonia or a marker of bacterial pneumonia at ICU admission, before the microbiological results or clinical diagnosis.

During a pandemic, length of hospital stay (LOS) is critical to managing high patient volumes and preserves access to care related to non-COVID-19 for maintaining the healthcare system. Moreover, identification of prolonged hospital stay may allow physicians to reevaluate critical patients, focused delivery of specific interventions, and improve the efficiency of hospital care. Furthermore, in previous recent studies, attention has been paid to patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection may require a prolonged LOS. However, there is little evidence on prognostic factors associated with an extension of hospitalization in mild or moderate illness due to COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the most vulnerable patients with diabetes mellitus even if they have a non-severe COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. We hypothesize that the clinically relevant inflammatory parameters may have an impact on LOS in older adults with diabetes and non-severe COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether baseline inflammatory parameters on admission hospitals as possible predictors of prolonged LOS in older adults with diabetes and non-severe COVID-19 infection during the pandemic.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a commensal bacterium, often isolated in the nasopharynx of preschool children and older adults with weakened immune systems, a pathogen that remains the leading cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) such as Sepsis and Meningitis. CAP is the sixth leading cause of overall mortality and the first cause of infectious disease in Colombia and the world (Montúfar et al, 2013; GBD, 2016; WHO, 2018), and both its incidence and prevalence have remained stable over the past 3 decades. Likewise, CAP due to S. pnemoniae is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in humans worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from it. Pneumococcus frequently colonizes the nasopharynx of children and adults and, therefore, this condition has been postulated as a risk factor for the development of CAP. There are reports of the effect of nasopharyngeal colonization in infants, but the implications of this colonization in adults, especially adults with chronic comorbidities, are not known. Additionally, several studies point to a relationship between pathogenicity, colonization capacity, and disease severity according to the infecting pneumococcal serotype. Therefore, it is not known which pneumococcal serotypes are most frequently colonized by adults with chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal disease (RHD), rheumatological disease (MDR), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), among others) and the potential clinical implications of this colonization. For these reasons, this research aims to study the phenomenon of colonization by pneumococcus in patients with chronic diseases for the development of CAP, and the relationship between the virulence genes of different serotypes and the outcome in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study is based on real evidence (from clinical practice) and translational medicine, is prospective-observational, multicenter and cohort type in consecutive patients. Thus, in a first phase the clinical observation of the subjects will be carried out, a second phase of follow-up and sampling in the patients, and a third phase of molecular analysis.