Active clinical trials for "Mental Disorders"

Background: Nicotine dependence leads to about 480,000 deaths every year in the United States. People with major depressive disorder (MDD) are twice as likely to use nicotine compared to the general population. They have greater withdrawal symptoms and are more likely to relapse after quitting compared with smokers without MDD. More research is needed on how nicotine affects brain function in those with MDD. Objective: To understand how nicotine affects symptoms of depression and related brain function. Eligibility: People aged 18 to 60 years with and without MDD who do not smoke cigarettes or use other nicotine products. Design: Participants will have 2 or 3 study visits over 1 to 3 months. Participants will have 2 MRI scans at least 1 week apart. Each scan visit will last 5 to 7 hours. At each scan, they will have urine and breath tests to screen for recent use of alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs. Before each scan, they will take 1 of 2 medications: nicotine or placebo. Participants will receive each medication once. They will not know which medication they are receiving at each scan. For each MRI scan, they will lie on a table that slides into a cylinder. Sometimes they will be asked to lie still. Sometimes they will complete tasks on a computer. Tasks may include identifying colors or playing games to win money. Each scan will take about 2 hours. Participants will answer questions about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors before and after each scan. They will have a blood test after each scan.

Poor engagement in care contributes to HIV- and TB-related morbidity and mortality in South Africa (SA). Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline lay health workers who work to re-engage patients who are lost to follow-up (LTFU) in HIV/TB care. Patients with depression and substance use (SU) have a greater likelihood of being LTFU in HIV/TB care, and there is evidence that CHWs may exhibit stigma towards these patients. When CHWs have negative attitudes towards these patients, on average they spend less time with these patients, are less likely to implement evidence-based practices, and deliver less patient-centered care. Therefore, this purpose of this study is to examine the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a brief training ("Siyakhana"). The purpose of this training is to provide CHWs with psychoeducation, skills, and support around working with HIV/TB patients with depression/SU. The investigators will assess the training's implementation and changes in CHWs' stigma towards HIV/TB patients with depression/SU.

People who are homeless with severe psychiatric disorders have to negotiate discontinuous mental health care pathways including high use of emergency departement and enforced hospitalisation, poor access to ambulatory care, poor access to common rights services and a greater risk of incarceration. In order to reduce morbidity, improve social integration and outpatient care for people with severe psychiatric disorders and multiple factors of social vulnerability, the concept of therapeutic jurisprudence has led to the emergence of mental health courts in Anglo-Saxon nations. These courts aim to condition alternatives to incarceration through community-based intensive care (assertive community treatment-ACT). ACT Teams offer direct access to housing without any prerequisite of treatment or abstinence. This model of community-based intensive care tends to demonstrate medical and legal effectiveness while being associated with greater care acceptability by patients. In France, very little data exists on the subject. Médecins du Monde (NGO), in collaboration with the Public Prosecutor's department of Marseille, proposes the implementation of the AILSI strategy for people who homeless with severe psychiatric disorders and referred to immediate referral procedure. The research unit EA 3279 - CEReSS is in charge of the independent evaluation of this innovative intervention. This is an randomized coontrolled study, with two groups: AILSI group (intervention) and TAU group (usual services). A total of 220 patients will be included (100 in the AILSI group / 120 in the TAU group). The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovative program (AILSI) compared to usual services by assessing the duration of reincarceration at 18 months in each group, weighted by exposure time. . Duration of inclusion: 30 months; Duration of follow-up: 18 months; Total duration of the study: 54 months. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses will be conducted to address overall outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyzes will be performed on the primary outcome as well as the secondary outcomes in order to highlight significant differences between the two groups and to identify predictive factors for improved effectiveness. The analysis will be conducted in accordance with Good Epidemiological Practices, and the final report will be written according to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) recommendations.

The main objective of this study is to show that People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) suffering initially from a major depressive disorder, a psychotic disorder and/or had a suicide risk and who received a community-based psychiatric intervention improve sustainably their mental health and are comparable after intervention to a population of PWID free of these disorders in terms of: HIV/HCV exposure Severity of substance use Quality of life This is prospective one-year cohort study comparing 200 PWID diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder with 400 controls (200 PWID living with HIV and 200 PWID non-infected with HIV, both free of a diagnosis of depression, psychosis, suicidal risk at cohort initiation). Psychiatric intervention includes free psychiatric consultations and medications (issued on CBO sites), support from CBO members for appointments, information, treatment adherence, contact with families and tracing of those lost to follow-up. Target population and controls will also be proposed linkage to care (HIV, methadone) and harm reduction services.

The first mental health case management programs appear progressively in Spain from the trend towards community mental health with the aim of caring for people with severe mental health disorders outside from hospitals, accompanying them in their recovery process. The mental health nurse case manager is an example of advanced practice in in terms of assistance to the most seriously ill in the community mental health network. The use of the therapeutic relationship as the central axis of care for the person is becomes an essential tool for patient recovery. This study aims, through participatory action, to inquire about the relationship therapy and its effect on the person's recovery. There will be a mixed methods research. First, a participatory intervention with nurses through the recording of four focus groups with the aim of understand, plan, change and maintain the practices surrounding the relationship therapy with their patients. Second, this intervention will be measured by administering scales to patients linked to the mental health case management program that provides service to different areas of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. The variables to measure will be the quality of the therapeutic relationship, the recovery of the person and the overall functionality. These variables will be measured before and after finishing the participatory intervention. All data will be anonymized, transcribed and analyzed using the software correspondent.

This study will use a systematic music therapy intervention on patients with mental illness trying to help them with their internalized stigma.

This experimental study aims to develop an internet-based self-help money management program that improve financial self-efficacy and its associated adverse outcomes among adult population with severe mental illness. In particular, this study compares the efficacy of the internet-delivered self-help money management program with the wait-list control group. The online money management program course will consist of 4 weekly modules, incorporating the key components of money management and the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). The program include the concept of money management, money management skill, and risk of financial exploitation. The main component of each module will be presented in video format, quiz, and homework. Materials will be presented interactively to facilitate engagement.

Interventional, multicenter, prospective and non-comparative clinical investigation carried out in 9 French establishments in order to assess the safety of the SÉCURIDRAP® SELFIA® bedding by mesasuring all the adverse events likend to its use. Following the withdrawal from the market of the first version of the SECURIDRAP® SELFIA®, this clinical investigation is being carried out at the request and on the recommandation of the ASNM in order to assess the safety of the second version of the SECURIDRAP® SELFIA® coating.

Background: A lack of education, resources, and support for family carers of young adults with psychotic illnesses leaves them ill-equipped to support their loved one. Although family support groups exist, few groups offer evidence-based, skills-focused, psychoeducation taught by certified professionals and provided on a public-health level. By equipping families with skills and knowledge, public healthcare harnesses a powerful ally to maintain community stabilization. Aims: The primary study goal is to implement a psychoeducation intervention for family carers supporting young adults with psychosis to reduce family burden and foster community stabilization of service users. Methods: A longitudinal pre-post design will be used to assess the long-term effectiveness of the psychoeducation intervention for family carers supporting a young adult with psychosis on service utilization and functional indexes. Nine expert-reviewed, and family peer-informed psychoeducation modules are administered in 2-hour sessions over 9 weeks to family carers. Conclusion: Presenting the novel approach of an expert-reviewed, peer-informed psychoeducation intervention for family carers, with a focus on knowledge and skill development, the researchers contribute to literature and best practice in patient and family-centered care.

The purpose of this research is to compare the efficacy of immediate versus extended-release melatonin as a supplement affecting the sleep cycle in patients with Parkinson disease and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.