Active clinical trials for "Mycobacterium Infections"

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disease and a major cause of death in many people worldwide. It is caused by a bacteria that enters through the lungs and can spread elsewhere in the body. People with latent TB have the bacteria that lie dormant but can become active and cause disease. These people are offered treatment to prevent development of active TB. Worldwide, a lot of people with LTBI also have a parasitic worm called a helminth that can stay in the gut or the blood. These parasites can affect the immune system and cause diseases like TB to become worse. Researchers want to see how helminth infection makes it harder for people to fight TB infection. Objectives: - To study how the immune system of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) acts to prevent development of active TB. Also, to study how helminth infection might affect this immune response. Eligibility: Adults age 18 70 with LTBI as defined by an approved blood test called QuantiFERON TB Gold. No evidence of infections like Hepatitis or HIV Pregnant subjects and subjects taking medications that suppress the immune system are not eligible. Have not received prior treatment for LTBI. Participants might be still eligible if prior treatment for active TB has been received Design: Screening phase: - Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood tests for other infections/conditions which might affect the immune system. They will have testing for active TB i.e. blood testing as well as testing of their spit, scans and X-rays. Baseline phase: Only eligible participants will be entered into the study. Participants will have interviews, medical history, and physical exam. Blood will be drawn from an arm vein for testing. Participants will collect stool samples at home for 3 days in a row to test for helminth infection.. Participants may have apheresis. Blood cells are removed by needle. They pass through a separator machine which returns everything but the cells back to the participant. Participants may have procedures at the start and end of the study that let researchers look into the lungs and collect cells. Study phase, about 2 years: All participants will be offered treatment for LTBI which lasts 6-9 months. Participants being treated for LTBI will have about 11 study visits. They will visit monthly for 9 months while on treatment, then 6 and 12 months after treatment. Participants not eligible/refusing treatment for LTBI will be made aware of active TB, then have 3 other visits, about 6, 12, and 24 months after the baseline visit. Participants who have helminth infection will receive appropriate treatment. All participants will have blood drawn at each visit.

A prospective open study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of oral linezolid 600mg./day for the treatment of 40 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases will be conducted at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Treatment of non - tuberculosis mycobacteria lung disease is challenging. The current treatment used is from 2007 American Thoracic Society guidelines recommended antibiotic combination therapy, which is lack of validation of clinical studies. More and more studies have confirmed that NTM antibiotic resistant gene will affect the efficacy, such as erm(41), rrl to clarithromycin, rrs to amikacin and so on. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of guideline recommended therapy and optimized therapy according to antibiotic susceptibility - related genotype.Genetic testing is accomplished through GenSeizer's high-throughput gene capture technique.

The purpose of this study is to improve tolerance of treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex disease via the use of therapeutic drug monitoring and the addition of anti-nausea medication or dietary supplements to the patients' daily drug regimen. The aims of this study are to use (1) Zofran® (Ondansetron 8mg), an anti-nausea medication or (2) a dietary supplement to decrease medication related gastrointestinal side effects of medications used to treat Mycobacterium avium Complex.

To understand the components of PBMC in MAC-LD patients, including T cells, B cells, nature killer cells, and monocyte. To confirm the phenomenon of reduced PBMC response in MAC-LD patients To study the proportion of apoptosis and PD-1 expression in T cells among MAC-LD patients, MAC colonizers, patients with tuberculosis, and healthy controls. To study the apoptosis and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in T cells/macrophage from bronchial lavage among MAC-LD patients, MAC colonizers, patients with tuberculosis, To examine the PD-1 gene polymorphism and the correlation with MAC-LD.

This study is short course (3 month) multiple drug antibiotic therapy. The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the clinical and radiology response to assess whether drug resistance develops and assess quality of life measures with MAC disease.

Some people who have taken azithromycin to prevent MAC (Mycobacterium avium Complex, a bacterial infection common in HIV-infected persons) have been found to carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria (germs that grow despite the presence of drugs used to kill them). The purpose of this study is to see if people who take azithromycin carry more antibiotic-resistant bacteria than people who have chosen to delay MAC preventive therapy. When bacteria like Streptococcus (a type of bacteria that causes pneumonia and meningitis) are frequently exposed to antibiotics, the bacteria can become resistant to the drugs. MAC preventive therapy uses antibiotics, but this can make it difficult to treat other infections caused by bacteria that have become resistant in HIV-infected persons. If MAC preventive therapy is delayed, Streptococcus in the body may be less likely to develop resistance. Therefore, if the patient does get a Streptococcus infection, it will be easier to treat because it is not resistant to the antibiotics.

Background: - Lymphatic filariasis is an infection that is caused by small, thread-like worms. It is spread by mosquitoes, and causes fever, chills, and headaches. If untreated, it can also cause elephantiasis, a condition that leads to swelling of the arms, legs, breasts, and scrotum. Treatment can eliminate the worms from the blood and reduce the risk of developing elephantiasis. Researchers want to study people with latent tuberculosis (TB) who may or may not be infected with filariasis. This study will look at the way that people with latent TB fight infection with these worms. Objectives: - To study how the immune systems of people with latent TB react to filarial infection. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 65 years of age who have latent TB and may or may not have filarial infection. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will provide a blood and stool sample to test for infection. Participants who do not have lymphatic filariasis but have another kind of intestinal worm will be treated for the parasite. This will be their last study visit. Participants who have latent TB and lymphatic filariasis will be treated with the standard treatment for the disease. They will come back for a second visit 6 months later, and will provide another blood sample.

The "COVID-19 infection self-test and alert system" (hereinafter referred to as "COVID-19 self-test applet") jointly developed by Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Institute for precision medicine, artificial intelligence of Tsinghua University was launched on February 1，2020. Residents , according to their actual healthy situation, after answering questions online, the system will conduct intelligent analysis, make disease risk assessment and give healthcare and medical guidance. Based on the Internet population survey, and referring to the diagnosis and screening standards of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, investigators carried out the mobile applet of Internet survey and registry study for the Internet accessible identifiable population, so as to screen the suspected population and guide the medical treatment.

The objective of this surveillance is to collect information about 1) adverse drug reaction not expected from the LPD (unknown adverse drug reaction), 2) the incidence of adverse drug reactions in this surveillance, and 3)factors considered to affect the safety and/or efficacy of this drug.