Active clinical trials for "Mycobacterium Infections"

The purpose of the study is to see if one plan for identifying and treating tuberculosis (TB) works better than another in reducing new cases of TB. The first plan is the DOTS program, which provides free TB treatment to people seeking it. The second plan provides free TB treatment to people seeking it and involves program staff going door-to-door in communities to identify new cases of TB, DOTS plus active case-finding program (ACF). Researchers believe that by detecting TB cases earlier and supervising treatment it will help to prevent spreading and decrease TB in these areas. The study population will be 200,000 people in 6 communities of Santa Cruz and 14 communities of Northeast Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, receiving DOTS or DOTS plus ACF. Individuals in the DOTS plus ACF part of the study will be interviewed 2-4 times during a 9 month period. Patients with symptoms will provide a sputum specimen. Patients identified as having TB will begin treatment and be observed for 6.

The Principle objective of this study is To evaluate the performance of NRA, NRA-p and REMA-p for the detection of M. tuberculosis complex from sputum samples from adult pulmonary TB suspects in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting, using LJ and MGIT culture as gold standard. The Secondary objectives are: To measure the performance of each assay (NRA, NRA-p, REMA-p) in sputum smear-negative patients To describe the results of the colorimetric methods in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients To assess the time to detection of both NRA/NRA-p, REMA-p methods. To evaluate the feasibility of the NRA, NRA-p, REMA-p methods. To determine the rate of contamination of the NRA, NRA-p and REMA-p assays. To evaluate the proportion and the clinical relevance of NTM among TB suspects in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting. To provide capacity building for TB diagnosis in Mbarara.

This protocol is an single patient IND to provide clofazamine to treat one patient who has MAI and is resistant to or can not tolerate standard of care. The drug is not otherwise available.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the accuracy and inter-rater agreement of diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease based on chest computed tomography findings.

An increase in the prevalence of infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is observed in many countries and recent data suggest the circulation of dominant clones with a possibility of human-to-human contamination. The hypothesis is made that these infections are also increasing in France and that dominant NTM clones are circulating. The last French study carried out in 2004 already showed prevalences of up to 10% in certain French regions. It is essential to know the prevalence 8 years later, taking advantage of the new recommendations for the management of patients and samples, which will homogenize practices on French territory. No data are currently available in France on the prevalence of positive serological responses in cystic fibrosis patients. Serological analyzes of the sera collected during this study will enable us to evaluate the performance of serology in mycobacterial culture and to identify patients with no positive respiratory specimen in culture but with positive serology indicating potential contact with a mycobacterium. The establishment of a serological follow-up of these patients will allow to correlate this result with a clinical evolution and / or the detection of NTM in subsequent samples. Serology is an innovative aspect of the CIMENT study.

The study aims to address the following aims To provide an overview of the epidemiology of the patients who are managed in the Singapore General Hospital for NTM infections. To evaluate the medical care of patients in the institution with regards to the type of medical and/or surgical treatment received and specifically, the antibiotic regime and duration administered. A longitudinal follow up which will allow an assessment of our care and patient outcome in this population cohort

Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans (Mu) in rural parts of West Africa. It causes large skin ulcers mainly in children aged 5 to 15 years. Access to treatment is limited and many cases present late. There have been major advances in understanding the mechanism of disease together with improved diagnosis and management. The aim of the proposed studies is to identify markers predictive of a rapid response to antibiotic treatment and to investigate the pathogenesis of paradoxical reactions and oedematous lesions in Mu disease. Infection with Mu results in a nodule under the skin which enlarges and breaks down to form an ulcer. This is because Mu produces a toxin that spreads outwards and damages subcutaneous tissue. In recent years it has been found that antibiotic treatment for 8 weeks with daily tablets and intramuscular injections heals ulcers. This is unpleasant and it would be better if the treatment could be shortened. Our previous studies suggest this may be possible. Therefore a wide range of tests will be investigated in order to identify markers for people in whom the infection is at an early stage with low numbers of Mu bacteria and low levels of toxin in the skin. During antibiotic treatment the rate of healing will be measured to find out which markers are the most reliable. In some patients new areas of inflammation develop despite treatment and this is called a paradoxical reaction. The immune response to Mu will be investigated serially during antibiotic treatment to investigate the cause of paradoxical reactions. About 15% of patients have oedematous disease, the most severe form of Buruli ulcer. We will study the amount of Mu toxin produced by the strain of Mu cultured from patients with this form of the disease. Hypothesis Buruli ulcer patients that heal rapidly/slowly or develop paradoxical reactions with treatment will have associated predictive viability or serum biomarkers. Buruli ulcer patients with oedematous disease are associated with larger amounts of mycolactone and viable organisms

Mycobacterium chimaera infections have occurred in post-cardiac surgery patients in association with contaminated cardiac bypass heater-cooler devices. So far optimal therapeutical concepts are not clear. At the University Hospital Basel Mycobacterium chimaera- infected protheses are replaced to decrease pathogenic burden and to support antibiotic long- term treatment. This study is to analyze the efficacy of this therapeutic approach.

The purpose of this study is to quantitate the speed of new culture method using 'Tika' media and compare with conventional systems

The study consist of a retrospective analysis of the etiologies, investigations and outcomes of patients presenting between 2005 to 2010 with hemoptysis in a North-American Tertiary center.