Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

To determine the demographic, behavioral, clinical, and geographic risk factors associated with the occurrence of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDRTB). To evaluate the clinical and microbiological responses and overall survival of MDRTB patients who are treated with levofloxacin-containing multiple-drug regimens chosen from a hierarchical list. Per 9/28/94 amendment, to assess whether persistent or recurrent positive sputum cultures of patients who show failure or relapse are due to the same strain or reinfection with a new strain. Among TB patients, there has been an increase in progressive disease due to the emergence of antimycobacterial drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Failure to identify patients at high risk for MDRTB increases the hazard for both treatment failure and development of resistance to additional therapeutic agents. Efforts to improve survival in patients with MDRTB will depend on improved methods of assessing the risk of acquisition of MDRTB and identifying drug susceptibility patterns in a timely fashion.

The Cepheid Xpert MTB/XDR cartridge, which runs on the same platform as Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, has been developed to detect additional resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable anti-tuberculosis drugs and provides results within 2 hours and on primary samples. An evaluation of the the Xpert MTB/XDR assay is currently underway in clinical settings in South Africa, India and Moldova. The TB-CAPT MTB/XDR Study will add further diagnostic accuracy and feasibility data to the evidence base for the Xpert MTB/XDR assay.

This is an observational prospective study. Role of EBUS-TBNA (endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration) is evaluated to diagnose tuberculosis in mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes. The investigators analyse the specificity and sensibility of this technique to diagnose tuberculosis in mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes. Patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes on X-ray or CT thorax where a tuberculosis is the most probable cause and who have no parenchymal lesions suspected for tuberculosis and without other lymph nodes that are more easily accessible or palpable will be included in this study.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis infection, and is diagnosed in approximately 5-10% of TB patients. The incidence of TBM has increased considerably during the last decade, partly due to the HIV epidemic. Without treatment, virtually all patients with TB meningitis will die. With the current treatment regimens, TBM is fatal in approximately 30-50% of cases, and responsible for severe disability in a similar proportion of survivors. Worldwide, Indonesia the third highest case load of tuberculosis with an estimated 500,000 new patients / year. Representative data are lacking, but it is clear that TBM is a growing problem. For instance, in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, the top-referral hospital for West Java Province (population 40 million), Indonesia, 40-50 cases of TBM were treated yearly in the late 90's compared to approximately 100 in recent years. There is very little evidence for the current treatment regimen for TBM, which dates back to the late 60's. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate intensified treatment of TBM in randomized trials. We hypothesize that higher dose rifampicin, moxifloxacin (possibly also at high dose), or both will improve outcome of TBM. To determine the experimental regimen(s) which should be compared with current regimen in phase 3 trials, we want to evaluate pharmacokinetic aspects and toxicity of candidate regimens in a phase 2 clinical trial in 60 patients with TBM in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vitamin D enhances response to standard antibiotic treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.

A prospective interventional study was conducted in Services Instituton of Medical Sciences all patients who underwent emergency laparotomy from 2008-2018 due to abdominal tuberculosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21

The trial will evaluate the extended bactericidal activity of 14 consecutive days of oral administration of TMC207 at multiple doses as determined by the rate of change of log10 colony forming units (CFU) per ml sputum over the time period Day 7-14 in participants with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A control group will receive standard treatment.

The aim with study is to provide adjunctive therapy with vitamin D and phenylbutyrate together with standard anti-tuberculosis treatment to significantly improve clinical recovery among patients with untreated, active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Previous studies of vitamin D supplementation have suggested there may be differences in response between individuals. This study is an open label study of vitamin D supplementation in patients with active or latent tuberculosis in which active disease patients take 100000units of vitamin D every 8 weeks during their tuberculosis treatment. Genotyping for relevant vitamin D pathway polymorphisms will be carried out and related to clinical and ex vivo markers of vitamin D response. Latent patients will only be studied for vitamin D response ex vivo. Our hypothesis is that response to vitamin D in both monocytes and T cells will be related to polymorphisms in the DBP gene, and that this may relate to clinical response in terms of post supplementation vitamin D level.

This trial aims to determine whether the early bactericidal activity of rifampicin given with faropenem or cefadroxil (each given with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) is greater than the activity of rifampicin alone in patients with pulmonary TB. The trial will also investigate potential new biomarkers of sterilising activity.