Active clinical trials for "Nausea"

Cisplatin is one of the most emetogenic drugs used in clinical practice and it could result in poor compliance with chemotherapy. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists prevent vomiting in acute phase emesis after chemotherapy in 73 - 92% of cisplatin-treated patients when coadministered with steroids, but they appear to lack efficacy in the delayed phase emesis. Ramosetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, has been shown to have equivalent efficacy and tolerability and a longer duration of effect than granisetron in preventing acute vomiting in patients undergoing cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Acute phase emesis was prevented in 84.8% of patients receiving ramosetron plus dexamethasone, but the CR rate of total phase emesis was less than 60%. Aprepitant is a selective, high-affinity NK1 receptor antagonist. Adding aprepitant to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and steroid improve CR rate of not only chemotherapy induced acute emesis and but also delayed emesis by 11-14 and 20 percentage points, respectively. But until now, there was no information that which 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is the best partner for aprepitant. Therefore, we initiated a prospective, open-label, phase II study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of ramosetron, aprepitant and dexamethasone (RAD) in the prevention of cisplatin based CINV in chemotherapy-naïve patients with solid cancer

The combination of aprepitant and lower dose dexamethasone is superior to aprepitant alone with respect to the proportion of patients with a complete response (no vomiting and no use of rescue therapy) during 24 hours after the placement of last suture/staple.

This survey is conducted for preparing application materials for re-examination under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Laws and its Enforcement Regulation. Its aim is to reconfirm the clinical usefulness of EMEMD (aprepitant) through collecting the safety information according to the Re-examination Regulation for New Drugs.

Cholelithiasis (presence of gallbladder stones) is prevalent in 10 to 15% of the world population. This disease can lead to serious complications such as cholecystitis, cholangitis and pancreatitis. Video-laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CVL) is considered the gold standard treatment of this condition. Despite ongoing research and development of new drugs and techniques, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent, lead to unexpected hospitalizations, delay hospital discharge, increase hospital costs, and cause patient dissatisfaction. Video-laparoscopic surgeries are cited in the literature as a risk factor for PONV, with an incidence of up to 75% in cases where prophylactic drugs are not used.Through the simplified Apfel score, it is possible to determine the risk for PONV. This risk classification is based on four risk factors: female gender, non-smoking, postoperative use of opioids and previous history of PONV. The incidence of PONV would be 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively, if none, one, two, three or four risk factors are present. Antiemetics recommended for prophylaxis of PONV in adults include 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, tropisetron, ramosetron and palonosetron), neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists (aprepitant), (dendrohydrin and haloperidol), antihistamines (dimenhydrin and meclizine), and anticholinergics (scopolamine).

Nausea and vomiting are common problems for cancer patients. Half of them will experience these symptoms during the course of their disease, either because of the cancer itself or because of their treatment1. They are ranked by patients as two of the worst adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy and cause a negative impact on patient's functional, emotional, social and nutritional status and quality of life2,3. Nowadays, a wide variety of antiemetic agents are available for the prevention and treatment of CINV. In this scenario, three classes play a critical role: Selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonists - approved for clinical practice in early 1990s, revolutionized the management of CINV representing the most effective agents in the treatment of acute emesis -, Corticosteroids - with unknown mechanism of action, effective when administered as single agents in patients receiving chemotherapy of low emetic potential but are most beneficial when used in combination with other antiemetic agents, potentiating their anti-emetic efficacy in both acute and delayed symptoms - and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist - also effective against both acute and delayed emesis, but restricted utility in daily clinical practice because of its high cost.

This clinical study was designed to demonstrate that a single, intravenous dose of palonosetron 0.25 mg was not inferior to granisetron 3 mg in preventing acute and delayed CINV and was also well tolerated in the Chinese cancer patients.

Adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy are performed for many reasons such as recurrent tonsil and adenoid infections, sleep apnea, symptomatic adenotonsillar hypertrophy, halitosis, peritonsillar abscess, and it is one of the most performed surgeries in the world. Passive blood loss from the surgical field into the gastric area may occur during the surgery. Investigators wonder whether the amount of blood and fluid accumulated in the stomach after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children will increase the risk of aspiration. For this purpose, the aim is to compare the results with values considered risky for aspiration by evaluating the pre- and postoperative gastric volume with ultrasound in children who underwent elective adenoidectomy and /or tonsillectomy.

Vitreoretinal surgery is associated with a considerable incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which is reported to be as high as 60%. Reasons for this high incidence may be the long duration of surgery and anesthesia and the high degree of manipulation of the eye. Postoperative vomiting after vitrectomy is an important risk factor for the onset of several complications, such as suprachoroidal hemorrhage, with disastrous visual consequences. To date there is no evidence as to the possible protective effect of anti-emetic therapy with regard to interventions of vitrectomy performed under local anesthesia. In this prospective, randomized, multicenter, double blind study, we evaluated the efficacy of Ondansetron alone, Dexamethasone alone and in combination in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing vitrectomy under local anesthesia.

Breast cancer patient receiving AC regimen chemotherapy (Doxorubicin + Cyclophosphamide) who has nausea score from 40/100 VAS or vomiting after the first or second cycle of chemotherapy is recruited. The patient who meets the eligibility criteria and provides informed consent is randomised to receive either Ginger capsule (500 mg) or placebo taking twice a day by mouth during the first 5 days of chemotherapy cycle. The study drug will be switched on the subsequent cycle (i.e. the patient who received Ginger capsule will receive placebo and vice versa). The primary outcome is the nausea score and vomiting during the first 5 days of each chemotherapy cycle when receiving the study drug.

This study will determine if giving Trimebutine Maleate (NEWBUTIN SR 300 mg Tab)orally will be effective as a prophylactic anti-emetic drug for patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair under general anesthesia.