Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn"

APRV mode of ventilation will result in an improved partial pressure of arterial oxygenation/ fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio) on day 3 of mechanical ventilation. Sub hypotheses: APRV will be associated with a reduced amount of sedation used during the ICU stay in patients with respiratory failure. APRV will be associated with a reduction in the amount of vasoactive medication used for blood pressure support in patients with respiratory failure.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and impairment of oxygen uptake. For example, pneumonia can cause the development of ARDS. Despite modern intensive care treatment, mortality in ARDS patients remains high (40%). Invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is the mainstay of ARDS treatment. Controlled MV is the conventional ventilation strategy to ensure lung protective ventilation (low tidal volumes) and recovery of the lungs. However, among disadvantages of controlled MV are the development of respiratory muscle atrophy (due to disuse) and the need for high dose sedatives to prevent patient-ventilator asynchrony. The use of high doses of sedatives and respiratory muscle weakness are associated with increased morbidity, worse clinical outcomes and prolonged MV. Besides controlled MV, a patient can be ventilated with supported ventilation. Supported MV decreases the likelihood to develop muscle atrophy, improves oxygenation and hemodynamics, and lowers consumption of sedatives. However potential disadvantages of supported ventilation include generation of too high tidal volumes, especially in patients with high respiratory drive. A previous study in healthy subjects has shown that titration of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) can decrease activity of inspiratory muscles, while maintaining adequate ventilation. It is hypothesized that low dose NMBA may enable supported MV with adequate tidal volumes, in patients with high respiratory drive.

The main objective of this study is to show that "diaphragmatic excursion measures upon emergency admission" (CDA values) on patients with acute respiratory failure are predictive of the need to use mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-) in the first four hours.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of extravascular lung water (EVLW), cytokine and oxygenation parameters in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after alveolar recruitment maneuver.

A new artificial lung device has been developed that potentially provides added support to mechanical ventilation for severely damaged lungs. The Hattler Respiratory Assist Catheter is designed to provide gas exchange (deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide) for a period of up to 7 days, providing more time for the lungs to improve. Extrapolating from large animal data, the hypothesis is that the Hattler Catheter will be capable of providing 30% to 40% of the basal requirements of carbon dioxide exchange in a manner that is dependable and reproducible.

The purpose of this protocol is to perform serial physiological measurements and blood testing on mechanically ventilated patients comparing conditions of eucapnia and hypercapnia in the same patient. We will be testing two hypotheses: (1) while administering inspired carbon dioxide (CO2), eucapnia achieved by high respiratory rate (EHR) significantly decreases pulmonary artery pressures compared to hypercapnia with a lower respiratory rate (HLR), and (2) that EHR decreases myocardial strain compared to HLR.

Given the popularity that LISA technique has gainig in worldwide neonatal units, the lack of evidence regarding its premedication is becoming even more relevant to provide the best care to premature infants. Objective of this clinical trial is to establish the best premedication for LISA procedure considering neonatal pain assessed with premature infants pain scale, salivary cortisol levels as an indicator of stress and crSO2 values as indicators of cerebral oxygenation. Moreover, we aim to verify if sucrose 24% given orally is an effective tool for pain management in preterm neonates also in more invasive procedure, comparable to pharmacological treatment.

The prevalence of severe dyspnoea among terminally ill patients has been reported as 70% and 90% for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, respectively. Current management to dyspnoea includes opioids, psychotropic drugs, inhaled frusemide, Heliox 28 and oxygen. Conventional oxygen supplementation is often used in these patients, but it may be inadequate, especially if they require high flows (from 30L/min to 120L/min in acute respiratory failure). High-flow oxygen nasal cannula (HFONC) is a new technological device in high-flow oxygen system that consists of an air-oxygen blender (allowing from 21% to 100% FiO2) which generates the gas flow rate up to 55 L/min and a heated humidification system. This technology may have an important role in reducing respiratory distress in do-not-intubate patients. Some HFONC's beneficial effects are the washout of the nasopharyngeal dead space reducing rebreathing of CO2 and improvement oxygenation through greater alveolar oxygen concentration; a better matching between patient's inspiratory demand and oxygen flow; generation of a certain level of positive pressure (PEEP) contributing to the pulmonary distending pressure and recruitment; improvement of lung and airway mucociliary clearance due to the heated and humidified oxygen; and patient's comfort because of the nasal interface allowing feeding and speech. The investigators hypothesize that patients supported with HFONC need less opioids to decrease dyspnoea.

Methamphetamine and amphetamine has various cardiovascular and central nervous system effects. Long-term use is associated with many adverse health effects including cardiomyopathy, hemorrhagic, and ischemic stroke. Death is usually caused by cardiovascular collapse and while amphetamine abuse has been considered as a potential cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the reports are usually anecdotal. This investigation considers reviewing individuals with few to zero medical conditions who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and are methamphetamine positive

Prone positioning has been widely used in critical care medicine to improve oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aimed to compare the effect of pronation on lung ventilation-perfusion matching between COVID19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) and ARDS from other etiologies (non-CARDS) using electrical impedance tomography (EIT).