Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn"

In patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure whose diagnosis is not established after initial evaluation, obtaining a histopathological diagnosis may improve the patients' prognosis. In our previous retrospective-controlled study, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) can lead to an increased chance of establishing a diagnosis compared with transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), with an acceptable safety profile. Therefore, further prospective randomized controlled studies exploring whether TBLC leads to improved prognosis for such patients are warranted.

The purpose of this pilot study is to measure the impact of non-invasive pneumatic manipulation of transthoracic pressure on oxygenation in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) who are on mechanical ventilator support. This will be achieved by a pneumatic Vest placed around the chest wall of consenting patients who meet inclusion criteria. The Vest is essentially a non-invasive segmental device placed upon the anterior and posterior right and left aspects of the chest wall. The researchers have the ability to inflate and deflate the chambers of the Vest to achieve preset pressures as determined by the protocol and observe the patient's physiological response. Participants will have up to four hours of intervention with the study intervention, followed by 1 hour of post-intervention observation.

Severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a life-threatening and frequent problem experienced by thousands of children each year. Little evidence supports current supportive practices during their critical illness. The overall objective of this study is to identify the best positional and/or ventilation practice that leads to improved patient outcomes in these critically ill children. We hypothesize that children with high moderate-severe PARDS treated with either prone positioning or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) will demonstrate more days off the ventilator when compared to children treated with supine positioning or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV).

This study aims to assess cerebral autoregulation by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Results on COVID-19 participants will be compared with prior results of patients with septic shock and cardiac arrest, who participated in NCT03649633 and NCT02790788, respectively.

To compare the effect between mechanical ventilation strategy guided by transpulmonary pressure and tranditional lung protective ventilation strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome for right ventricle protection.

This is an early phase, proof-of-concept clinical trial assessing the safety and feasibility of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation to prevent respiratory muscle atrophy in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients. The investigators will recruit 10 elective surgery patients (surgery cohort) and 10 ARDS patients (ARDS cohort) for this study. A non-invasive, alpha-prototype Restore Technology stimulator using hydrogel surface electrodes will be used to stimulate the spinal cord at the cervical or thoracic level.

In the recent years, the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome has been proved that lung recruitment re-opens the non-ventilated alveolar to improve ventilation, and inhaled Nitric Oxide dilates non-perfused pulmonary vascular to improve perfusion. Both of these could improve ventilation-perfusion mismatch to enhance oxygenation. However, Ventilation-Perfusion mismatch is devided into ventilated nonperfused lung units(dead space) or perfused nonventilated units(shunt). No published study has evaluated the availability of lung recruitment combined with inhaled Nitric oxide in patients with ARDS. The aims of our study are to measure dead space or shunt fraction before and after inhaled Nitric Oxide in moderate to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome patients indicated Nitric oxide in FEMH MICU on 2021/01-2022/12, injected a bolus of 10mL of 3% NaCl solution via the central venous catheter with two-step recruitment maneuver by Electrical Impedance Tomography, which monitors ventilation-perfusion mismatch to evaluate whether the patient has potential to improve V/Q mismatch by Nitric oxide.

Predicting fluid responsiveness is primordial when caring for patients with circulatory shock as it allows correction of preload-dependent low cardiac output states, while preserving patients of the deleterious effects of excessive fluid resuscitation. Patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with prone positioning (PP) are a specific subset of patients, as 1) they frequently present with shock; 2) excessive fluid administration may lead to respiratory worsening due to increased hydrostatic oedema with potential subsequent worse clinical outcome; and 3) all available dynamic tests evaluating fluid responsiveness can only be performed in patients in the supine condition (which in the case of severe ARDS patients in PP occurs only for 8h over 24h). These elements warrant the development of specific tests allowing the clinician to predict fluid responsiveness with enough exactitude when caring for these patients. We hypothesize that there exists diagnostic heterogeneity in the predictive performance of 4 clinical tests to identify fluid responsiveness in ARDS patients in PP. For the matter of this study, these 4 tests are the Trendelenburg maneuver, the end-expiratory occlusion test, the end-expiratory occlusion test associated with the end-inspiratory occlusion test, and the tidal volume challenge. The diagnostic reference of the study will be the relative change in cardiac index measured by transpulmonary thermodilution before and after a 500 ml fluid bolus, and will allow the adjudication of patients as being fluid responsive or not. The primary objective of the study is to determine the area under the ROC curve of each of the 4 tests, with their respective 95% confidence interval. All enrolled patients will perform the 4 tests following a cross-over design and in a randomized sequence, separated by 1-min wash-out periods with return to hemodynamic baseline values, and concluded with the 500-ml fluid bolus. Patients will only participate once. The expected duration of study participation is 30 minutes maximum.

Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a mode of ventilation where the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EDI) - a signal representing the baby's respiratory drive - is used to control the timing and amount of assist provided. NAVA was introduced to the market in 2007 and since has been used in more than 40 countries. In the current clinical practice, the Edi signal from the patient is captured with miniature sensors (the size of a hair) embedded in the wall of a specially designed naso/orogastric feeding tube. This FDA and Health Canada approved, commercially available catheter (Getinge, Solna, Sweden), is 6 Fr in size (outer diameter), 49 cm in length and has 8 pairs of sensors that are placed 6 mm apart (so-called inter electrode distance (IED) is 6 mm). While no obvious side effects have been noted by clinicians, for the smallest of neonates, the currently used commercial catheter (size 6F, 49 cm long) may have 'excessive' post-array catheter length. In these neonates, typically those with weight < 750 grams, following the correct placement of catheter as per the electrode array positioning at gastro-esophageal junction, the feeding holes in the catheter may end at the level of distal stomach instead of the desirable mid-stomach location. The changing demographics of the patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) has created a clinical need to redesign the currently used Edi catheter specifically to suit the smallest of patients, such that following adequate placement the feeding holes sit at the level of mid-stomach. Drs. Christer Sinderby and Jennifer Beck in Toronto, Canada, are the original designers of the 6 mm/49 cm currently used Edi catheter. These investigators (at St-Michael's Hospital, Toronto) in collaboration with their team at Neurovent Research Inc. (NVR) have re-designed and invented a new prototype of the current FDA-approved catheter specifically suited for use in extreme premature neonates. They have done so by reducing the interelectrode distance from the originally set 6 mm to 4 mm, which reduces the overall insertion depth to capture the same signal from the diaphragm. All other parameters are exactly same as the original catheter (6F, 49 cm long). In this small feasibility study the investigators wish to provide a clinical proof of concept for the use of this newly designed prototype in 10 extremely premature neonates who are already receiving NAVA ventilation in the NICU.

The aim of the study is to determine the preferred oximeter averaging setting during automated control of FiO2 (A-FiO2) in infants receiving respiratory support and supplemental oxygen.