Active clinical trials for "Rectal Neoplasms"

A phase II, randomized study of placebo versus metformin in association to chemotherapy with capecitabine and radiation in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced (T3-4N0M0 or TxN1-2M0) rectal carcinomas.

This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of irinotecan-eluting beads in treating patients with colon or rectal cancer that has spread to the liver and does not respond to treatment with standard therapy. Irinotecan-eluting beads are tiny beads that have been loaded with irinotecan hydrochloride, a chemotherapy drug. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as irinotecan hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or stopping them from dividing. This treatment delivers the chemotherapy directly to the tumor area inside the liver instead of to the whole body as with systemic delivery of the drug. Irinotecan-eluting beads may work better that standard chemotherapy in treating patients with colon or rectal cancer that has spread to the liver.

Phase I: To determine the maximum tolerated dose, and recommended dose of the proposed doses of oxaliplatin in this study Phase II: To determine the treatment efficacy according to response rates from phase I.

This study will use an experimental combination of treatment with the drug Capecitabine and radiation therapy prior to an operation for removal of the patient's tumor. The drug Capecitabine is an oral form of a drug called 5-FU which has been widely used to treat rectal cancer. This is a phase II clinical trial, which means that the physician will be studying the reactions of the patient's body and tumor to treatment with Capecitabine and radiation therapy. The purpose of this study is to see if the tumor responds to this treatment and to determine how long the response lasts. The study also will see what kind of side effects this experimental treatment causes and see how often these side effects occur. Preliminary human studies using Capecitabine and radiation therapy have produced encouraging results with acceptable side effects.

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with 9% to 23% of patients experiencing pelvic sidewall lymph node metastasis. According to the current Chinese guidelines for diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer, pelvic sidewall lymph node dissection is recommended for patients who have experienced or are suspected of having lateral lymph node metastasis. Lateral lymph node dissection can result in longer operation times, increased bleeding, and complications such as urinary and sexual dysfunction after surgery. Currently, the presence of metastasis is primarily determined by the size and enhancement characteristics of lateral lymph nodes observed through imaging studies. However, the pathological lymph node metastasis rate of specimens collected after lateral lymph node dissection based on current imaging criteria is only 20.5%. Therefore, a pressing clinical challenge is accurately determining the presence of lateral lymph node metastasis and avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph node dissection in patients who have not experienced lateral lymph node metastasis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been widely used in clinical practice. It has replaced traditional lymph node dissection in some breast cancer and melanoma patients, reducing surgical risks and complications and improving patients' quality of life. This study aims to use indocyanine green as a tracer for fluorescence-guided laparoscopic navigation to locate the lateral sentinel lymph nodes of rectal cancer in the pelvic cavity. By studying the accuracy, specificity, and false-negative rate of predicting lateral lymph node status using the sentinel lymph node, we can further clarify the clinical significance of the lateral sentinel lymph node.

This study will assess the complete clinical response (no clinical evidence of remaining disease or recurrence of disease)in rectal cancer that arises within 3 inches of the anal opening after radiation therapy given at the same time as chemotherapy over a 6 week period, followed by chemotherapy alone given three times over an additional 9 weeks. Follow-up begins with an examination at the end of treatment (at 15 weeks), with ongoing follow-up every 4-6 weeks for one year.

After removing the rectum at surgery, bowel continuity can sometimes be restored by an anastomosis between the anus and the bowel. This anastomosis is most commonly created by the use of surgical circular stapling instruments. In a retrospective pilot study the risk of developing an acute leak in the anastomosis was increased with one of the most commonly used instruments in Sweden as compared to the other brand in use. In the current study the patient is randomized to either one of the instruments after a resection of the rectum for rectal cancer.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether protective ileostomy is required after low anterior resection due to rectal cancer

This study aims to assess the lymphatic drainage of rectal tumours by using ICG as a fluorescent non-specific marker. As a feasibility study, it will also assess its technique and timing along with its ability to assist in removing lymph nodes when it is clinically indicated.

feasibility and tolerance of preoperative therapy with Bevacizumab in combination with Capecitabine and radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced, locally operable rectal carcinoma collection of response rate (T- and M-downstaging, pathological complete remission)