Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

The goal of this double-blind, randomised, controlled trial is to determine the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs supplementation on changes in body composition and muscle strength during body weight loss and body weight maintenance among healthy adults living with overweight and obesity. The main research questions: Is supplementation with LC n-3 PUFAs during dietary weight loss intervention (alternative-day fasting) attenuate the reduction in fat-free mass and muscle strength? Is supplementation with LC n-3 PUFAs during dietary weight loss intervention (alternative-day fasting) provide additional impact on appetite related hormones (Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY) and cardiometabolic risk factors (Post prandial inflammatory markers and Triglycerides)? Participants will be randomly assigned to a PLACEBO (Mix-vegetables oil) or LC n-3 PUFAs group (krill oil) (1:1 basis). Both groups will follow a dietary weight loss intervention (Alternate-day fasting). The study will last for 20 weeks that divided into 3 phases: four weeks of the preparation phase, eight weeks of body weight loss phase (Alternate Day Fasting), followed by eight weeks of body weight maintenance phase (regular diet).

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of polyphenols from natural aronia juice on the immune system. Therefore, the study aims to distinguish the effects of natural juices that are rich in phytonutrients such as polyphenols and carotenoids in healthy and depressive subjects in order to use the known positive effects of these food sources in the therapeutic setting. The consumption of natural fruit juices that are rich in polyphenols and carotenoids mirror a model of vegetarian diet due to the increased micronutrient density derived from plant food. Results obtained here can be seen as preliminary explanation models for the beneficial effects of vegetarian diet. It is hypothesized, that the consumption of naturally polyphenol rich aronia juice changes the expression of regulatory T cells, specific cells of the immunesystem that contribute to immunomodulation. Furthermore, beneficial changes in the gut microbiome, the metabolome and the nutritional status are expected in the studied groups. The study was registered retrospectively (after start of recruitment) on Clinicaltrials.gov.

There is evidence that obesity prevention programs show positive effects on obesity and lifestyle parameters. However, the effect of the programs delivered by different implementers is unknown, and in Mexico, the available studies present methodological limitations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a school-based obesity prevention program implemented by nutrition and physical activity advanced students compared to a control group and implemented by school teachers compared to a control group of Mexican schoolchildren. This is a cluster randomized controlled trial. Schoolchildren from different public schools in Hermosillo , Sonora will be invited to participate. The schools will be randomly assigned to one option:1) the Planet Nutrition Program (PPN) delivered by advanced students, 2) PPN by school teachers, or 3) a control group. A 6-month pilot study with a follow-up at 8 months (after the summer holidays), followed by a definitive study with a follow-up at 8 and 12 months will be conducted.The intervention will consist of nutrition education sessions, physical activity, and the provision of nutrition information for parents. The BMI Z-score, body fat, other obesity, and lifestyle parameters will be evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. A mixed effects model will be used to evaluate the differences between the groups. The investigators expect that the program could be a model of obesity prevention with a high potential for dissemination in Mexican schools.

The goals of this research study are to: 1) understand why some people with obesity are protected from developing conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease while others are more likely to develop obesity-related conditions; 2) assess the effect of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs also called exosomes), obtained from human participants, on metabolic function in cultured cells and in mice.

The purpose of this study is to 1) evaluate the relationship of physical activity to quality of life and psychological functioning among adults with severe obesity (BMI>40) and 2) evaluate the effects of activity monitoring on changes in physical activity during a 6-week intervention interval.

Socioceconomically disadvantaged individuals typically have poor outcomes in behavioral weight loss interventions, but the reasons for this are unknown. This project will characterize the mechanisms through which adverse daily experiences and present bias -- a cognitive adaptation to harsh and unpredictable environments -- account for disparities in weight loss outcomes.

The investigators aim to test the hypothesis that a microbiome-changing dietary intervention improves food decision-making and to determine the underlying microbiotal and metabolic mechanisms. To this end, 90 overweight/obese adults will be enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of a pre-biotic dietary intervention (supplementary intake of soluble fibre) or a behavioural lifestyle intervention (weekly educational program) vs. control condititon (supplementary intake of isocaloric starch) over a period of 26 weeks. Before and after the intervention/control period, participants will undergo task-based functional and structural MRI and cognitive testing. The gut microbiota will be assessed using 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing (V3/V4 region) in stool samples. Diet, anthropometry and lifestyle will be monitored with questionnaires and metabolomics will be assayed in peripheral blood and stool (e.g. SCFA). Using a modulation of gut-brain communication through a prebiotic diet and lifestyle intervention, respectively, the investigators will be able to discover microbiota communities that play a key role for eating behaviour. Related mechanistic insights could help to develop novel preventive and therapeutic options to combat unhealthy weight gain in our obesogenic society.

Bariatric surgery markedly improves glycemic control in persons with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), a procedure that bypasses the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract, results in greater rates of diabetes resolution compared to methods that leave the UGI tract intact. Studies suggest that mechanisms beyond weight-loss account for the superiority of RYGB compared to other surgical methods. These weight-loss independent metabolic effects may involve increased postprandial production and release of nutrition- responsive hormones. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a nutrition-adaptive hormone with the potential to alleviate symptoms of diabetes and obesity. Preliminary data therefore suggest that RYGB surgery may alter postprandial FGF21 regulation which could be important for achieving post-meal nutrient homeostasis. Therefore, the goal of this study is to test how nutrient content of the meal affects FGF21 concentrations before and after weight loss induced by RYGB or very low calorie diet (VLCD) therapy. The importance of FGF21 for glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and adipose tissue and muscle metabolism in these two groups will also be tested.

The purpose of this study is to study the role of sympathetic mechanisms involved in chronic regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities seen in obesity. The investigators will study the effects chronic sympathetic inhibition on insulin sensitivity, inflammation and endothelial function in obese hypertensive human subjects.

Overweight/obesity and inadequate sleep are prevalent, and frequently co-occurring, health risks among children, both of which are associated with serious medical and psychosocial health complications including risk for cardiovascular disease. Although the investigator's data suggest that disrupted or shortened sleep may be causally associated with increased energy intake and weight gain in children, and with self-regulation and neural response to food cues in adults, understanding of mechanisms involved in the sleep/eating association is incomplete, thereby impeding development of targeted, optimally timed intervention strategies. The proposed mechanistic clinical trial aims to assess the effects of an experimental sleep manipulation on eating-related self-regulation and its neural substrates, and on real-world eating behavior, among children with overweight/obesity, which will help guide research efforts towards the refinement of prevention and intervention strategies targeting sleep and its eating-related correlates to curb weight gain throughout development.