
Fiber-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer
Colon CancerObesityThe study will target a population at high risk for colorectal cancer, overweight and obese participants with a history of a colon polyp in the past 3 years to test whether a high-legume, high-fiber diet will simultaneously increase weight loss and suppress intestinal biomarkers of cancer risk compared to a control diet (healthy American). In addition, it will explore potential mechanisms through which the high-legume intervention diet facilitates weight loss and intestinal health.

Log2Lose: Incenting Weight Loss and Dietary Self-monitoring in Real-time to Improve Weight Management...
ObesityThis study involves an evaluation of whether providing small incentives weekly for dietary self-monitoring and/or weight loss improves short- and long-term weight loss. Participants can expect to be on study for 18 months.

A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Obesity or Overweight
OverweightObesityThis is a study of tirzepatide in participants with overweight and obesity. The main purpose is to learn more about how tirzepatide affects body weight. The study has two phases: A main phase and an extension phase. The main phase of the study will last 72 weeks. Participants with prediabetes will continue in the extension for another 2 years.

Maternal and Fetal Outcome With Metformin Therapy for Obese Pregnant Women .
Metformin for Obese Pregnant WomenTo evaluate the role of metformin in pregnant women with obesity (BMI above 30) , on maternal and infant outcome.

Obesity Surgery and Kidney Transplant for Patients With Obesity and Renal Failure
Severe ObesityRenal FailureGastric Bypass followed by renal transplantation is superior to medical management followed by renal transplant for patients with severe obesity and renal failure.

Impact of Diet and Exercise Activity on Pregnancy Outcomes
ObesityGestational Diabetes1 moreThe general goal of the present study is to assess the impact of a community-based exercise and dietary intervention in pregnant women living in urban areas during and after their pregnancy on the reduction of the risks of both diabetes and obesity in mothers and their offspring. We hypothesize that a community-based lifestyle intervention program during and after gestation may improve pregnancy outcomes in terms of reducing the risk of developing obesity or type 2 DM in mothers and their children.

Study of Brain, Reward, and Kids' Eating
ObesityChildhood1 moreChildren from rural communities are at greater risk for obesity than children from more urban communities. However, some children are resilient to obesity despite greater exposure to obesogenic influences in rural communities (e.g., fewer community-level physical activity or healthy eating resources). Identifying factors that promote this resiliency could inform obesity prevention. Eating habits are learned through reinforcement (e.g., hedonic, familial environment), the process through which environmental food cues become valued and influence behavior. Therefore, understanding individual differences in reinforcement learning is essential to uncovering the causes of obesity. Preclinical models have identified two reinforcement learning phenotypes that may have translational importance for understanding excess consumption in humans: 1) goal-tracking-environmental cues have predictive value; and 2) sign-tracking-environmental cues have predictive and hedonic value (i.e., incentive salience). Sign-tracking is associated with poorer attentional control, greater impulsivity, and lower prefrontal cortex (PFC) engagement in response to reward cues. This parallels neurocognitive deficits observed in pediatric obesity (i.e., worse impulsivity, lower PFC food cue reactivity). The proposed research aims to determine if reinforcement learning phenotype (i.e., sign- and goal-tracking) is 1) associated with adiposity due to its influence on neural food cue reactivity and 2) associated with reward-driven overconsumption and meal intake due to its influence on eating behaviors. The investigators hypothesize that goal-tracking will promote resiliency to obesity due to: 1) reduced attribution of incentive salience and greater PFC engagement to food cues; and 2) reduced reward-driven overconsumption. Finally, the investigators hypothesize reinforcement learning phenotype will be associated due to its influence on eating behaviors associated with overconsumption (e.g., larger bites, faster bite rat and eating sped). To test this hypothesis, the investigators will enroll 76, 8-9-year-old children, half with healthy weight and half with obesity based on Centers for Disease Control definitions. Methods will include computer tasks to assess reinforcement learning, dual x-ray absorptiometry to assess adiposity, and neural food cue reactivity from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog to Improve Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated...
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseObesity4 moreNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in individuals with obesity and is a significant threat to public health, because it can lead to impaired liver function and liver failure. Growth hormone is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that helps regulate metabolism and growth. Individuals with obesity, on average, secrete less growth hormone than individuals without obesity. There are data to suggest that growth hormone may help to reduce the amount of fat in the liver, and may also reduce inflammation in the liver, both of which would be helpful to individuals with NAFLD. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether treatment with a drug called tesamorelin, which is a growth hormone releasing hormone analogue, will decrease liver fat and improve liver inflammation and scarring in obese individuals with NAFLD.

Metabolic Effects of Sleep Extension in People With Obesity
Insulin ResistanceObesityThis study is designed to determine the impact of extending sleep duration on glucose metabolism in people with obesity. Half of the participants will be instructed to increase their time-in-bed to 8 hours (sleep extension) while the other half will be be instructed to maintain their current sleep habits.

Enhancing Electronic Health Systems to Decrease the Burden of Colon Cancer, Lung Cancer, Obesity,...
Colon CancerLung Cancer6 moreThe purpose of CLOVER is to utilize Epic Healthy Planet to increase adherence to United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations in adults age 50 and older.