Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal"

Evaluation of the carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of healthy children and the carriage rate and distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of serious bacterial infections, particularly among young children. Over 30 different types of the pneumococcus germ can cause invasive disease, but 7 types (namely serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) are responsible for around 75% of cases in young children. A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against these 7 serotypes (PCV7; Prevenar ®, Wyeth Vaccines) was introduced into the UK national immunisation programme in September 2006 and has resulted in a rapid reduction in pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 serotypes among both vaccinated children and older unvaccinated children and adults through herd immunity. By 2009, over half of all invasive pneumococcal cases in young children were caused by six other pneumococcal serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A) that are included in a newly licensed 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13; Prevenar 13®, Wyeth Vaccines). In April 2010, PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the UK immunisation programme with the aim of further reducing cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. The antibody responses induced by the 7 serotypes in both PCV13 and PCV7 have been shown to be comparable, but the protection offered by the additional 6 serotypes in PCV13 merits further study. Also, it is possible that the use of PCV13 instead of PCV7 may interfere with immune responses to other vaccines, such as Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib), which are given to infants at the same time as PCV13. The proposed study will aim to collect one blood sample from infants after they receive their routine vaccinations at 2, 3 and 4 months in order to their measure immune responses to routine vaccines. The investigators hope that their results will help us better understand the added protection offered by the 13valent pneumococcal vaccine and ensure that children are adequately protected by the other vaccines they receive.

The specific aim is to evaluate the impact of PCV13 as administered in the pediatric primary care clinic at Boston medical center on the serotype specific carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children < 5. Specifically the investigators will measure the decline in vaccine serotypes, the proportion of children receiving vaccine required to achieve 50% reduction in serotype specific carriage and the correlation between immunogenicity of the specific serotypes and decline in carriage. The study has been extended to complete 5 years of surveillance to determine the new SP serotype distribution at the time presumably a new equilibrium has been achieved.

The aim of this study is to assess in France the impact of Prevenar on the possible evolution of the pneumococcal serotypes distribution and antibiotic resistance in NP samples of children with AOM.

This study aims to provide an estimate of the proportion of suspected cases of bacterial meningitis that are due to N. meningitidis and the serogroup responsible in The Philippines and Vietnam.

4 tubes (2 x7-ml dry tubes with yellow gelose, and 2 x 5 ml tubes with blue CTAD) will be taken from the patient within 24 hours following inclusion (D0) in the department in which the patient is hospitalised 4 tubes (2 x7-ml dry tubes with yellow gelose, and 2 x 5 ml tubes with blue CTAD) will be taken from the patient every 7 days following inclusion for 5 weeks (if the patient is still in hospital at the time), in the department where he/she is hospitalised (D7, D14, D21, D28, D35). Samples will no longer be taken once the patient has left the CHU, even if all of the samples have not been taken. For children less than 6 years old, only 2 tubes (1 x 7 ml dry tube with yellow gelose, and 1x5 ml tube with blue CTAD) will be taken following the same timetable. For hospitalised patients, a leeway of 48 hours is authorized for the sampling procedure. Samples will be taken at the same time samples are taken for the usual care of the patient. The tubes will be taken to the Bacteriology Laboratory using the usual collection circuit of the CHU. These tubes will then be redirected to the Infectious Diseases Laboratory to be centrifuged and then stored at -80°C. The strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the patient will be preserved at -80°C. If strains other than Streptococcus pneumoniae are isolated, these different strains will all be preserved at -80°C under the same identification number.

The aim of the study are to assess the persistence of immunity against vaccine serotypes (VSTs) and vaccine-related serotypes in PCV10 vaccinated children in Finland.

This prospective case-control study aims to evaluate the utility and establish laboratory thresholds for a multi-serotype urine antigen test for the diagnosis of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia in children 5 years of age or younger in Guatemala.

This study is to observe the carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.p.), Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.Cat.) in healthy Chinese children aged 12-18 months in order to estimate the prevalence of pathogens that commonly cause infection in Chinese young children. The antibiotic resistance of all isolates and the serotypes distribution of S.p. isolates will also be tested. Potential risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage will be collected.

The study is aimed at assessing pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumonia carriage and pharyngeal Group A streptococcus carriage among field units new recruits.