Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Malaria is a common, but decreasing, cause of fever in endemic areas. The use of rapid diagnostic tests could improve treatment of malaria at the local community level. Deployment of these tests is, however, a considerable cost. The aim of the study is to evaluate their effect on improving treatment of fever when used by Community Health Workers in Afghanistan. In phase I of the study, the hypothesis is that an RDT diagnosis deployed with standard training and support will improve the accuracy of treatment applied to fever by community health workers when compared to a diagnosis that is based on symptoms alone. In Phase II of the study, the hypothesis is that the accuracy of treatment can be improved by additional training and supportive interventions given to community health workers compared to those who have only had standard training.

The goal of this pilot study is to test the hypothesis that mechanically ventilated infants receiving Biotene OralBalance® gel for oral care would have a reduced intubation time compared to infants receiving oral care placebo. This study is also performed to test the feasibility as well the safety of Biotene OralBalance® gel.

The aim of this study is to test if BPS (Bacterial Pneumonia Score) guided antibiotic use in children with non severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) will reduce antibiotic use as compared to standard care practice (current guidelines for CAP).

This protocol posting deals with objectives & outcome measures of the extension phase up to 48-50 months post booster vaccination, to assess long-term antibody persistence in children at around 30, 42 and 66 months of age, who received previously 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The objectives & outcome measures of the primary phase are presented in a separate protocol posting (NCT number = 00307554). This Protocol posting has been updated in order to comply with the FDA AA (Sep 2007).

The Nosocomial Pneumonia remains to be a major complication for patients who were incubated with ventilation. Most cases are attributed to increased bacteria flora in oropharyngeal secretion and aspiration of those organisms. Research indicates that the Gram-Negative Bacteria grows in upper air way and trachea rapidly during the initial 2-4 hospital days and the dental plague also increased dramatically at the first 5 days. About 50% cases with prolonged intubation experienced temporal swallowing disorders and majority of them recovered 7 days post weaning. Some evidence exist suggesting that oral care could reduce bacterial flora, prevent aspiration, and subsequently decrease the incidence of ventilation-associated pneumonia for this group of high risk patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized oral care protocol in improving oral hygiene and reducing the incidence of pneumonia on a sample of surgical patients at intensive care unit.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate effect or fortifying milk with pre and probiotics or with micronutrients on prevention of diarrhea, pneumonia and other childhood illnesses and improvement in growth and development.

Background: The aspiration of contaminated secretions pooled above the endotracheal tube cuff secondary to inadvertent falls of cuff pressure is the main pathogenic mechanism of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Aim of the study: To assess the efficacy of an automatic device for the continuous regulation of tracheal tube cuff pressure in decreasing the incidence of VAP.

Children with malnutrition are often low in some nutrients, like zinc or vitamin A, that could help them fight off infections like pneumonia. Our study was designed to see if children who got supplements of zinc or vitamin A had fewer infections.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as Pneumococcus, is a common cause of pneumonia in transplant patients. There has been a vaccine available for this infection called Pneumovax. Recently, a new vaccine for this infection called Prevnar has been developed which may be more effective. Vaccinating the bone marrow donor before transplant may boost the recipient's immune response to the vaccine after transplant. This study is done to compare how vaccinating the donor with one of the vaccines will affect the recipient's immune system response to the vaccine.

To determine the effect of methylprednisolone on respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients with presumed or confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who are stratified for presence or absence of respiratory failure at the time of randomization to the study.