Active clinical trials for "Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting"

Cholelithiasis (presence of gallbladder stones) is prevalent in 10 to 15% of the world population. This disease can lead to serious complications such as cholecystitis, cholangitis and pancreatitis. Video-laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CVL) is considered the gold standard treatment of this condition. Despite ongoing research and development of new drugs and techniques, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent, lead to unexpected hospitalizations, delay hospital discharge, increase hospital costs, and cause patient dissatisfaction. Video-laparoscopic surgeries are cited in the literature as a risk factor for PONV, with an incidence of up to 75% in cases where prophylactic drugs are not used.Through the simplified Apfel score, it is possible to determine the risk for PONV. This risk classification is based on four risk factors: female gender, non-smoking, postoperative use of opioids and previous history of PONV. The incidence of PONV would be 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively, if none, one, two, three or four risk factors are present. Antiemetics recommended for prophylaxis of PONV in adults include 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, tropisetron, ramosetron and palonosetron), neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists (aprepitant), (dendrohydrin and haloperidol), antihistamines (dimenhydrin and meclizine), and anticholinergics (scopolamine).

To compare early versus on demand maternal feeding after cesarean delivery regarding gastrointestinal complaints and patient's satisfaction.

The aim of this randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of preventive analgesia using different peribulbar blocks (PBB) under SPI-guided anaesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery (VRS), presence of PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) and oculocardiac reflex (OCR) and compare Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) with Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) for monitoring pain perception postoperatively. Patients will receive general anaesthesia combined with either preventive PBB using either lidocaine with bupivacaine or bupivacaine or ropivacaine

The purpose of this study is to compare systematic local infiltration with Ropivacaine 0.5 % vs. Placebo in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. The hypothesis is that systematic local infiltration will reduce postoperative pain and postoperative opioid consumption.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subtenon block (SB)anesthesia with dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine versus intravenous dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia and emesis control in infants undergoing cataract surgery.

Vitreoretinal surgery is associated with a considerable incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which is reported to be as high as 60%. Reasons for this high incidence may be the long duration of surgery and anesthesia and the high degree of manipulation of the eye. Postoperative vomiting after vitrectomy is an important risk factor for the onset of several complications, such as suprachoroidal hemorrhage, with disastrous visual consequences. To date there is no evidence as to the possible protective effect of anti-emetic therapy with regard to interventions of vitrectomy performed under local anesthesia. In this prospective, randomized, multicenter, double blind study, we evaluated the efficacy of Ondansetron alone, Dexamethasone alone and in combination in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing vitrectomy under local anesthesia.

This study will determine if giving Trimebutine Maleate (NEWBUTIN SR 300 mg Tab)orally will be effective as a prophylactic anti-emetic drug for patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair under general anesthesia.

Wound Drains after Thyroid- and Parathyroid Surgery Impact on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

BACKGROUND: Few researches have manifested that intravenous (IV) lidocaine or dexmedetomidine decreased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The investigators investigated whether IV lidocaine plus dexmedetomidine infusion could better reduce the incidence of PONV after laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: One hundred and twenty women with elective laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into two groups: patients in the lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine group (LD group, n=60) received lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg loading, 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion) and dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg loading, 0.4 μg/kg/h infusion) respectively. Patients in the control group (CON group, n=60) received the equal volume of saline. Primary outcome was the incidence of the first 48 h nausea, vomiting and PONV after surgery. The secondary outcomes included perioperative propofol and remifentanil consumption, postoperative fentanyl requirement, Ramsay sedation score, and bradycardia during post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications of general anesthesia in pediatrics. Pediatric rates of nausea and vomiting are approximately double those of adult patients. The physiology of PONV is complex and not perfectly understood. According to our current model, the brain structures involved in the pathophysiology of vomiting are distributed throughout the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, not centralized in an anatomically defined 'vomiting centre. Such structures include the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), located at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle in the area postrema, and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), located in the area postrema and lower pons.