Active clinical trials for "Mental Disorders"

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postoperative complication that can occur in patients of any age. POD brings great burden to patients and their families, as the following cognitive decline may persist for months to years to impede patients returning to previous life quality and employment. The PREDICt study aims to characterize the incidence and profiles of POD in ICU, and to find out risk factors, especially any are modifiable, and any have value for developing prediction model. Our final aim is to comprehensively and deeply explore the etiology of POD to guide prevention of delirium among postoperative patients.

Source-monitoring is a cognitive process that refers to the ability to remember the source of an information. Some studies have showed source-monitoring deficits in patients with schizophrenia as well as in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) and in first-episode psychosis patients (FEP). Source-monitoring deficits have thus been proposed as a potential early risk factor for psychosis. However, further studies are needed to better characterize this deficit. The aim of this project is to investigate source-monitoring performances in UHR, FEP patients and healthy controls (HC) and to characterize these deficits in terms of brain anatomy, basic auditory processes and social functioning.

Background: Intestinal microbiota composition is fundamental to human health and undergoes critical changes within the first two years of life. Factors probably influencing the microbiota are the maternal microbiota and the general environment in Switzerland. However, the development of the intestinal microbiota is incompletely understood. Gaining knowledge of the trajectory of microbiota maturation is likely key to the understanding of the pathogenesis of many pathologies in childhood. Aims: The investigators aim for a deep understanding of the maturation of the healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators aim for identifying parameters affecting microbiota maturation and effects of the microbiota on infant outcome. Methods: The investigators will recruit 250 pregnant mothers who will be followed as mother-baby pairs until 10 years of age. Infants will be followed clinically to determine adequate growth and development as well as pathology including abdominal pain. Epidemiological parameter and infant nutrition will be assessed. The investigators will collect biological samples such as stool, maternal milk, vaginal swaps and skin swaps. Species composition and diversity will be assessed by 16S sequencing. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and bacterial messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analysis will inform about metabolic potential and metabolic activity of the microbiota. Mass spectrometry will assess the small molecule content of stool and maternal milk samples. Network analysis will be used to assess the complex relationships between bacteria metabolic activities and small molecular content. Expected results: The investigators expect an increase in complexity and metabolic potential and activity with age. Microbiota parameters will differ according to nutrition and might predict infant outcomes such as growth and abdominal pain. Systematic analysis of sequential maternal and infant bacteria samples from stool, skin and maternal milk will help characterizing bacterial transfer from mother to infant Conclusion: The investigators propose an observational study of healthy Bern mother baby pairs with clinical characterisation and biological sampling. Advanced analysis tools will be used to characterise the microbiota and address mechanistic questions.

Since the 30s, ECT has been a psychiatric treatment mainly used for drug-resistant depressive illnesses. Clinical studies have shown its therapeutic efficiency compared to standard treatments also in other psychiatric illnesses. Although efficient, ECTs also induce side effects. In France, there is currently no consensus on providing the suitest medical care. It is therefore important to review our nowadays health care models in order to maintain and improve the recommendations of the French National Agency for Accreditation and Evaluation in Health, the last of which date from 1997! Within this context, this project has the dual objective of (1) identifying ECT medical procedure in France and (2) developing research to evaluate and to improve the effectiveness of this treatment.

This study aims to implement a feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial to support patients with musculoskeletal problems and a co-existing mental condition, which the intervention will be the implementation of a Collaborative Care Model. In England, one in six adults suffers from a mental health condition, such as anxiety or depression. Despite these high numbers, mental health conditions are often unrecognised in physical healthcare settings, including patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Patients with both a physical and mental health diagnosis are likely more difficult to treat in comparison to those with just a physical health condition. The Collaborative Care Model offers an alternative way of improving musculoskeletal rehabilitation as it takes into consideration both physical and mental health needs. This model involves physical and mental healthcare professionals working together to better identify and manage people with both conditions. Patients are then further supported by a Case Manager who coordinates access to relevant professionals/services following an assessment of both physical and mental health needs. The investigators propose a feasibility study to assess whether the collaborative care model is beneficial to orthopaedic patients in addressing both physical and mental health needs. Patients over 18 years old, with an MSK condition attending therapy services at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital with a moderate to severe anxiety or depression score, may be eligible. Following informed consent, they will be randomly allocated to either treatment as usual or the intervention group (the collaborative care model with input from a Case Manager). All participants will participate for 6 months with a follow-up on months 3 and 6.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unlike X-rays and CT-scans does not use radiation to create a picture. MRI use as the name implies, magnetism to create pictures with excellent anatomical resolution. Functional MRIs are diagnostic tests that allow doctors to not only view anatomy, but physiology and function. It is for these reasons that MRIs are excellent methods for studying the brain. In this study, researchers will use MRI to assess brain anatomy and function in X and Y chromosome variation, healthy volunteers, and patients with a variety of childhood onset psychiatric disorders. The disorders include attention deficit disorder, autism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, childhood-onset schizophrenia, dyslexia, obsessive compulsive disorder, Sydenham's chorea, and Tourette's syndrome. Results of the MRIs showing the anatomy of the brain and brain function will be compared across age, sex (gender), and diagnostic groups. Correlations between brain and behavioral measures will be examined for normal and clinical populations.

This study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of PXS-4728A as an intervention therapy in participants with iRBD. This study will be conducted in participants aged 50 to 80 years of age and will investigate a single dose level.

Depression is a debilitating chronic illness affecting 1 in 6 UK adults at any one time. Antidepressants and psychological therapy are the main treatments, but some people do not respond to these. Neurons and signals in the brain are greatly disrupted in people with severe depression. A ketogenic diet, a high-fat and very low-carbohydrate diet, supplies a form of energy that appears to help brain cells communicate and may improve the treatment of depression. Our goal is to find out whether a ketogenic diet could be an additional effective treatment for patients with depression for which antidepressants do not work. Using social media advertising, we aim to recruit 100 patients, ages 18-65, who have previously tried at least two different antidepressant medications within the current depressive episode. Enrolment, consent, and data collection will be collected online using self-report questionnaires. Participants will be allocated by minimisation 1:1 to the KD group or control group based on depressive severity (moderately severe vs. severe) and body mass index (<30kg/m2 vs. 30+ kg/m2). The intervention group will receive 6-weeks of prepared ketogenic diet meals (3 meals with snacks per day) and weekly ketogenic diet-focused nutrition counselling. The control group will be asked to follow a diet to reduce their saturated fat intake and increase vegetable consumption by one portion a day. The control group will receive vouchers to assist with purchases and will be provided with weekly nutritional counselling. Existing treatment for depression will remain in both groups. The primary outcome is the change in depression symptoms at six weeks. All participants will complete assessments of their depression and anxiety intensity every two weeks, starting before treatment to post-intervention (week 6), and again at week 12. We will also assess participants' ability to experience pleasure, quality of life, ability to socialise and work, cognitive processing, morning cortisol, and gut microbiome. At all stages of the study, several members of the public with lived experience of depression will advise the research team to take into account the needs and views of patients. Our study will provide evidence of whether following a ketogenic diet leads to a short-term improvement in depression in people whose depression cannot be relieved by antidepressants. Our research may pave the way for longer trials and eventually lead to new ways of treating depression.

In this open-label, randomized controlled trial study, participants who smoke combustible cigarettes (CC) and are diagnosed with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) will be randomized in two arms to receive harm-reduction counseling and Ecological Momentary Intervention text messaging (EMI) along with either e-cigarettes (EC) or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) such as patch, lozenges and gums to compare the efficacy in CC smoking reduction.

The aim of this clinical study is to investigate whether CoMBI-SMI helps to reduce behavioral problems and psychiatric complaints in Serious Mental Illness (SMI) populations complaints and to reduce the burden on informal caregivers. It will also be examined whether there is an improvement in the quality of life of the participants. Participants are asked to complete two questionnaires. Then the participants receive treatment as is normally given in a clinical department. In particular, the caregivers will be asked to observe the behavior of the participants using a questionnaire and to follow a CoMBI-training to better tailor the treatment to the core needs of the participants. Comparisons will be made within the participant group because measurements take place before and after the procedure.