Active clinical trials for "Mental Disorders"

Anesthesia is a drug induced, reversible, comatose state that facilitates surgery and it is widely assumed that cognition returns to baseline after anesthetics have been eliminated. However, many patients have persistent memory impairment for weeks to months after surgery. Cardiac surgery appears to carry the highest risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). These cognitive deficits are associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay and loss of independence. The investigators propose to investigate the role of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in preventing long-term POCD after cardiac surgery and enhancing early postoperative recovery. It is anticipated that DEX will be the first effective preventative therapy for POCD, improve patient outcomes, and reduce length of stay and healthcare costs.

Research on personality disorders (PDs) in older adults is currently limited. This is surprising, given that PDs are also common in this age group. Moreover, PDs show high co-morbidity with other disorders (both mental and physical) and often have a negative effect on treatment. With this in mind, the conceptualization, diagnosis and treatment of PDs in older adults represents an important task for mental health care. To this end, problems with the current classification of PDs need to be tackled, as they currently complicate this task. The current DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Edition 5) (APA, 2013) categorical PD criteria are mainly based on the living conditions of younger adults and are therefore often not suited for PD diagnosis in older adults. Currently, however, a paradigm shift is taking place from a categorical to a dimensional approach of PDs. The "Alternative Model for Personality Disorders" (AMPD) (APA, 2013) and the approach by ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision) (WHO, 2019) are examples of new, dimensional models for PDs. These models conceptualize PDs using two dimensional criteria: (1) criterion A, which captures the overall level of personality (dis)functioning and (2) criterion B which describes the PD style by pathological/maladaptive personality traits. This paradigm shift offers the possibility to give the aging context the attention it deserves, by examining the suitability of this new dimensional conceptualization of PD among older adults. The goal of this research is to examine whether the combined AMPD and ICD-11 dimensional approach is appropriate for use in older adults. This will be done by administering instruments capturing criterion A and B in the general population in younger (18-64) and older (65 and older) adults to evaluate their age-neutrality, as well as in a clinical sample of older (65 and older) adults, to empirically evaluate its clinical relevance in later life.

The purpose of this study is to compare two clinical approaches to youth mental health care.

The primary objective of this grant is to develop and evaluate an Artificial Intelligence-based clinical training tool--CBTpro--to support high-quality skills training in CBT for psychosis (CBTp). CBTpro will provide a rapid means of scaling and sustaining high-quality CBTp in routine care settings across the US.

Recovery-oriented services are becoming popular in the mental health field. However, recovery-oriented services are still in the beginning stages in Taiwan. Many professionals do not know how to implement recovery-oriented services. More effort should be made to improve mental health services in Taiwan. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the Grow to Recovery Train-the-Trainer program.

The main aim of this project is to improve waiting periods for specialised psychotherapy. We will apply a brief, smartphone-based self-efficacy training to patients with psychiatric disorders waiting for specialised psychotherapy. Additionally, we will use Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to assess mood, social contacts, and other parameters daily. We will investigate whether the training can improve self-efficacy and related constructs and if it can help reduce stress and waitlist drop-outs during waiting periods. Additionally, we will investigate if the self-efficacy training has a positive effect on motivation and therapeutical relationship regarding the subsequent therapy. After a screening for eligibility, participants will be randomly assigned to intervention and control group. At baseline, participants attend a laboratory session where they are assessed for current psychiatric disorders and further relevant psychological variables. They will then either participate in the digital self-efficacy training combined with EMA (intervention group) or in EMA only (control group). Both will be conducted via a smartphone app. Subsequently, participants will be asked to fill in post questionnaires at three different time points: after having finished app usage, one month later, and after the beginning of the subsequent psychotherapy.

This research project aims to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive anti-stigma intervention in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours among Primary Health Care (PHC) providers toward individuals with mental illness and/or substance use issues (MISUI) in the Chilean context, using Centros de de Salud Familiar (CESFAMs) as the point of intervention.

Cognitive impairment is well established in people with psychosis and is associated with cannabis use. The current study will investigate the neurobiological basis of cognitive change associated with 28-days of cannabis abstinence in people with psychosis and non-psychiatric controls with cannabis use. Participants will be randomized to a cannabis abstinent group or a non-abstinent control group and will undergo magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and following 28-days of abstinence. This study will help characterize the neuropathophysiological processes underlying cognitive dysfunction associated with cannabis use and its recovery which may guide the development of novel interventions for problematic cannabis use.

Frequent mental disorders (anxiety or mood disorders), an important part of primary care patient care, remain insufficiently detected and treated. Improving their care requires better coordination between general practice and specialized care. The collaborative care model developed in Washington State with the introduction of a care manager is recognized. About 100 randomized controlled trials have established its effectiveness and efficiency, in terms of improving the progression of disorders (remission rate), adherence, quality of life, professional and patient satisfaction, and cost savings. However, the possibility of implementation of these validated care remains to be explored. A dozen collaborative care implementation studies exist, all conducted in the USA and not having considered all the dimensions of the indicators of penetration, acceptability/adoption, feasibility, fidelity and cost. A first implementation in France is implemented since September 2021 in the Yvelines department on four sites of different size, organization and environments: the multi-professional health centers (MSP) of Mureaux and Celle St Cloud, the Chevreuse medical house and MG in isolated practice in Versailles. The main objective of the research project is to evaluate the first implementation in France of collaborative care for frequent psychic disorders according to the indicators of penetration, acceptability/adoption, fidelity, relevance, feasibility and cost.

This study examines the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual tumor board for cancer and mental illness for patients with serious mental illness and a new cancer diagnosis. The study also examines the impact on patient care, psychiatric symptoms, and clinician self-efficacy in managing this population.