Active clinical trials for "Lung Diseases"

The aim of this study is to compare a new Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)protocol, including a new MRI sequence for visualization of lung parenchyma, to computed tomography as the gold standard for the evaluation of thoracic region in children.

The aim of the prospective crossover study is to investigate the effect of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on measures of tissue oxygenation, compared with low PEEP.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common lung disease, affecting 1.2 million people in the United Kingdom (UK). COPD patients suffer with episodes of worsening breathing symptoms called acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Exacerbations occur more often as the disease progresses and are a leading cause of emergency hospitalisation. Patients recovering from exacerbations are at high risk of deteriorating, with one quarter readmitted to hospital within thirty days. COPD thus imposes immense burdens on the National Health Service and patients. This research will investigate the effects of using humidified nasal high-flow (HNHF) during recovery from severe COPD exacerbations. HNHF delivers warmed, humidified air under flows of up to 60 litres per minute through a nasal interface. This has been shown to improve clinical outcomes, including exacerbation frequency, hospitalisations, breathlessness and quality of life amongst COPD patients with respiratory failure. It is thought to achieve this by improving secretion clearance and providing positive airways pressure which supports the breathing system. Patients admitted to St Thomas' Hospital, London with COPD exacerbations will be recruited. Prior to discharge, participants will be randomised to receive either usual care alone or usual care plus a HNHF device, which they will be trained to use for a regular period daily. Usual care includes inhalers, steroids and may include antibiotics. Participants will be followed up for 30-days after hospital discharge using weekly assessments, daily symptom diaries and wrist-worn watch-like devices that detect physical activity. This will enable evaluation of the clinical effects of HNHF on re-exacerbations, readmissions, breathlessness, physical activity and quality of life. Device usage will also be quantified. Participants who receive devices will be interviewed to explore their experiences. After the 30-day home follow-up period, a sub-group of participants will undergo detailed breathing tests during and after exercise to explore the effects of HNHF on the respiratory system.

This is a multicenter, single-arm trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil in subjects with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

This phase II study will assess the effect of a treatment combination of Rituximab and azathioprine in patients with Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD) compared to placebo, based on change in lung function at 18 months compared to baseline. The researchers will also assess if the drugs improved quality of life.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ARALAST NP A1PI augmentation therapy 120 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) body weight (BW)/week compared with an external placebo comparator on the loss of emphysematous lung tissue measured by lung density change in participants with A1PI deficiency and COPD-E.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the most common inherited disease in Caucasians, is characterized by chronic pulmonary inflammation and progressive loss of gas exchange units that eventually results in respiratory failure. There is strong evidence that, in CF, abnormally low perfusion carries a high risk of death independent from the presence of pulmonary hypertension. However, the evolution of pulmonary vascular disease in CF and how it might contribute to the rate of decline in lung function is not known. Our knowledge remains limited to the results of old observational studies which concluded that the major causes of pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension in CF are hypoxic respiratory failure and destruction of lung tissue. Our recent data obtained by state-of-the-art Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the pulmonary circulation, challenges the existing paradigm. We demonstrate that in the absence of hypoxia, significant changes in pulmonary perfusion and in surrogate measures of vascular resistance as well as in collateral blood flow begin early in the course of CF. Newly developed therapeutics have altered dramatically the course of patients suffering from pulmonary vascular disease. Through this 8 week trial, we will examine by Magnetic Resonance Imaging the effect of Sildenafil on pulmonary perfusion and systemic vascularization of the lungs in subjects with mild to moderate disease.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of anidulafungin versus fluconazole for the prevention of fungal diseases in liver transplant recipients

The aim of this study is to see if the Vapotherm High Flow Therapy (HFT) device is effective to provide breathing support to patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD. The investigators believe that patients using HFT will not require as much use of therapies that provide pressure through a face mask, and are already recognized by FDA as support therapies for respiratory insufficiency.

This is a phase III, randomized, controlled, open label study with two vaccine regimens. The study will assess the relative safety and immunogenicity of vaccine regimens comparing adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted formulations of A(H1N1) inactivated influenza virus vaccine in subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Heart Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus, and to compare safety and immunogenicity data with a contemporaneously enrolled control group of age-comparable, healthy subjects. Because certain individuals may be hypo-responsive to influenza vaccination, additional studies with high-risk groups are warranted in order to determine the optimal vaccine formulation and dosing schedule for prevention of novel H1N1 virus infection.