Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of levofloxacin with imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia

Randomized trial of nursing home residents with pneumonia to assess if intramuscular cefepime is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective alternative to once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone for the treatment of elderly nursing home residents who develop pneumonia and do not require hospitalization.

The World Health Organization's (WHO) standard case management strategy for reducing acute respiratory infection (ARI) related mortality recommends oral cotrimoxazole and oral amoxicillin as first line drugs for the treatment of pneumonia. In 1989, the Pakistan Ministry of Health (MOH) adopted this strategy to control ARI mortality and recommended cotrimoxazole for treatment of outpatients pneumonia due to lower costs. A number of studies subsequently performed have shown significant in vivo and in vitro resistance of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, the commonest bacteria causing childhood pneumonia, to cotrimoxazole. Although on a case by case basis for pneumonia, in vitro resistance does not correlate very well with in vivo failures, nevertheless, clinical failure rate for pneumonia therapy has increased in Pakistan over the years. One can hypothesize that if bacterial pneumonia is a certain proportion of all pneumonia cases, the rise in clinical failures may be related to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is probable that this rising clinical failure rate could be a reflection of increasing resistance. There may be an increase in antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae to amoxicillin over the period of years and the rising treatment failure could be a reflection of the rising minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) (> 2 mcg/ml for H. influenzae, 1993-94), thereby, resulting in this increasing failure rate. For the current study the researchers propose a multicentre, randomized, controlled double blind trial in which standard versus double dose oral amoxicillin for three days for the treatment of non-severe pneumonia in children less than five years of age will be compared. Primary Objective: To compare the proportion of children 2 - 59 months of age presenting with non-severe pneumonia, who achieve clinical resolution on day 5 with standard (15 mg/kg/8hrly) versus double dose (30 mg/kg/8hrly) of oral amoxicillin therapy given for 3 days. Secondary Objective: To follow the clinical course of non-severe pneumonia with the alternative criteria of treatment failure (signs of deterioration i.e. lower chest indrawing and appearance of danger signs) on or before day 3 and compare them with other children who have persistent fast breathing (respiratory rate above the cut off for age) on day 3. Hypothesis: Therapy outcome with double dose of oral amoxicillin is not different than the standard dose of amoxicillin, when used for three days for the treatment of non-severe pneumonia in 2-59 months old children.

To facilitate provision of atovaquone (566C80) to patients who have severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and are intolerant and/or unresponsive to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole ( TMX / SMX ); to monitor serious adverse events attributable to 566C80.

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of l-leucovorin in preventing toxicity from high dose trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (TMP / SMX) used as a therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of trimetrexate glucuronate with leucovorin protection in pediatric patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) who are refractory to or have demonstrated severe or life-threatening toxicities to standard therapies (e.g., TMP/SMX or parenteral pentamidine).

To assess whether high dose or low dose atovaquone suspension is more effective than aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in high-risk HIV-infected patients. To compare the safety of chronic administration of the three regimens in patients with advanced HIV disease. To determine the relationship between steady state atovaquone plasma concentrations and prophylactic efficacy against PCP.

Evaluate the effectiveness rate of dapsone plus trimethoprim as a therapy for the first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. Compare the rates and severity of adverse effects using dapsone versus trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (TMP / PurposeX). Establish relative toxicities with regard to suitability for outpatient treatment.

To evaluate and compare the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of biweekly administration of 1 of 3 doses of aerosol pentamidine when used as a prophylactic agent in patients who have recovered from their first episode of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).

To evaluate and compare the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of long-term biweekly administration of 1 of 2 doses of aerosol pentamidine when used as a prophylactic agent in patients who have had multiple episodes of AIDS associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).