Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

This prospective, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind Phase 1/2 study includes two separate parts. Part 1 is a first-in-human, Phase 1 study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the COVIVAC vaccine at three different dose levels (1, 3, and 10 µg) without adjuvant, and at one dose level (1 µg) with the adjuvant CpG 1018, in a total of 120 subjects aged 18-59 years. In Part 2 of this combined Phase 1/2 study, 300 adults aged 18-75 years will be randomized (2:5:5) to placebo, or one of two selected formulations of COVIVAC being evaluated in Phase 1

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) SARS-CoV-2, name of the Coronavirus Group of international Committee on taxonomy of viruses, is an emerging virus from the family of coronaviridae, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This infection can progress to viral pneumonia, and in 3% of cases up to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which conditions the prognosis of the disease. Due to its unusual clinical presentation with a risk of sudden deterioration on the 8th day as a result of possible hyperinflammatory response, the respiratory impairment of COVID is unique and many questions remain unanswered concerning its evolution once the acute phase has passed. Knowledge of the evolution of pulmonary involvement, particularly in patients requiring hospitalization, can help reduce the morbidity linked to the persistent abnormalities identified by establishing early therapeutic management. It can also provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of pulmonary involvement in the acute phase. Current data regarding the acute phase of COVID-19 suggest that persistent abnormalities remain distant from this infection at all levels of the respiratory system: gas exchange, perfusion, ventilatory mechanics, and interstitial lung disease. The main objective is to characterize persistent gas exchange anomalies 4 months after documented COVID-19 pneumonia, resulting in oxygen desaturation and requiring hospitalization.

A brisk immune response can clear a pathogen but can cause extensive collateral damage to the host. It is known that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection triggers a multi system inflammatory disorder which can lead to a spectrum of clinical symptoms (Dhama et al. 2020). Severely ill patients maintain a sustained profile of high pro-inflammatory cytokines, (Lucas et al. 2020). Approximately 20% of patients display acute multi-system failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), accompanied by an intense inflammatory process, which is life-threatening (Wang et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2020; Yang et al. 2020). However, in severe COVID-19, the lymphocyte count decreases progressively, while the neutrophil count gradually increases (Li et al. 2020). To date, four meta-analyses have reported that patients with severe COVID-19 infection have a higher Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) than those with non-severe COVID-19 infection (Zheng et al. 2020, Chan & Rout. 2020; Ghahramani et al. 2020; Lagunas-Rangel et al. 2020). There is no absolute reported objective threshold level for when NLR progresses from near normal through moderate to severe. An objective marker of cellular dysfunction of neutrophils would be a helpful tool for the clinician in monitoring changes to the patient status and to determine if interventions are having positive effect.

This is a PAC study after PCV13 launch in China. Based on recommendation from China Agency, Pfizer was required to conduct a descriptive immunogenicity study to measure the antibody levels at the time of disease onset.

Background: Standard practice of flushing saline over the patient's secretions following suctioning is similar to pouring water over grease, leading to motivating bacterial colonization and proliferation inside the suctioning circuit (i.e., catheter, tube, and collecting jar), which can then migrate to patient's lung during suctioning procedure causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Therefore, flushing this circuit using an appropriate disinfectant to prevent bacterial colonization inside it and thus decreasing pneumonia occurrence has been our crucial investigation idea. Aim: To investigate the effect of suction system flushing with chlorhexidine (CHX) on the occurrence of VAP among mechanically ventilated patients (MVPs). Design: This study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, and a convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 136 patients to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at surgical intensive care units of Mansoura University Emergency Hospital, Egypt. Results: The intervention group patients had a lower incidence of VAP (by 48.12%) compared with the control group. Moreover, the proposed technique was more effective in decreasing the incidence of late-VAP more than early-VAP. Furthermore, CHX reduced the cost of suction system flushing by 75%. Conclusion: Suction system flushing with CHX can significantly reduce the occurrence of VAP among MVPs and reduce the flushing cost. Therefore, this study recommends incorporating CHX into the daily care of MVPs.

The study evaluates whether lung ultrasound monitoring could lead to earlier detection of ventilator associated pneumonia and influence outcome. Half of the participants will be diagnosed with VAP using a combination of lung ultrasound and clinical features and half will be diagnosed using the Johanson criteria, which is a combination of clinical features and chest x-ray.

This study will investigate the efficacy of a novel air purification technology, Photo Electrochemical Oxidation (PECO), has on pediatric patients hospitalized for respiratory distress. The study will take place at Mercyhealth Hospital - Rockton Avenue where all 23 pediatric rooms will be outfitted with portable PECO air purifying units. The main outcomes are the length of stay and progression to ICU, which will be compared with historical controls.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of child death worldwide. Data from Bangladesh indicates that influenza has a substantial association with pneumonia among children less than two years old. This study will use commercially available trivalent inactivated vaccine (killed vaccine) to see if it can prevent early childhood pneumonia among children less than two years old. The study will vaccinate children across three seasons (3 years), and look at the effect on the attack rate of pneumonia, as well as its effects on laboratory-confirmed influenza. It will also look at the effect on laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among the non-vaccinated household contacts of all ages of these children.

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of addition of corticosteroid therapy to antibiotics in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. The hypothesis is that the use of corticosteroids decreases the length of stay in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.

A parallel-group, randomized, open-label study will be performed in subjects receiving PCV7 and subjects receiving controlled vaccine Hib vaccine, to claim the efficacy of PCV7 in the prevention of NP carriage of vaccine-serotype S. pneumoniae (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F combined) in 2 to 5 years old healthy Chinese children.