Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to learn about lower respiratory tract and bloodstream diseases among infants born to HIV positive mothers in Botswana. Study factors include how commonly infants get these diseases, the causes, and outcomes. The study will also try to measure the protective effect, if any, of breast feeding on respiratory disease illness and deaths.

The aim of this study is to assess cardiac rate and respiratory responses and rhythm after workplace exposure to combustion particulates. A repeated measurement study is being performed on acute boilermakers (apprentices and journeymen). A stratified analysis is then done on those with and without chronic bronchitis, after adjustment for relevant covariates.

The Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of genetic metabolic disorders, caused by specific enzyme deficiencies which result in accumulation of partially degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within various tissues. As GAGs are common in the body a number of different organ systems can be affected. Involvement of the upper and lower respiratory tract in MPS Type II results in significant airway compromise, with progressive airway obstruction being responsible for a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Hearing loss is a universal finding in MPS, with a third of patients suffering with severe profound hearing loss. There is an unmet need for strong clinical evidence to guide treatment of head, neck and respiratory disease in MPS disorders. A Core Outcome Set (COS) describes the minimum outcome data that should be measured in a clinical study for a particular condition. The lack of an agreed COS for MPS II in general, and specifically head, neck and respiratory disease, makes comparison between studies difficult. There is also a lack of information detailing patient and parent perspectives on the MPS disorders. The ideal COS for head, neck and respiratory disease associated with MPS II would combine both patient/parent and clinician opinion and could be used in the design of all subsequent clinical studies. Following literature review the investigators have created a list of outcomes previously reported for qualitative and quantitative studies investigating head, neck and respiratory disease in MPS II. For the proposed research the investigators will seek opinions of patients, parents, clinicians and scientists to rate these outcomes via the Delphi method. Outcomes scored highest by patients, parents, clinicians and scientists will form a COS for head, neck and respiratory disease in MPS II. The development of a COS can help limit variability outcomes in studies investigating different interventions in MPS II.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused a health emergency of international proportions when it was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. Since then, the virus has spread internationally and the WHO has classified the outbreak as a pandemic. In the context of the increasing reporting of this pandemic and the increasing governmental measures to limit or slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by all means, there is so far little scientific evidence for the effects of a healthy lifestyle on the disease. The aim of this study is to compare the potential of different, possibly protective lifestyles using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will conduct an online survey with 3.000 participants using mobile website technology.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is the most used technique for identifying the obstruction site associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This is due to the fact that it allows many patients to be examined in a daytime setting. This procedure uses sedative drugs to mimic natural sleep. However, associations with the site of upper airway (UA) collapse during natural sleep remain unclear. The aim of this explorative study is to identify UA collapse in patients with OSA using endoscopic techniques as well as flow shape characteristics and sound analyses during natural and drug-induced sleep. Furthermore, we want to optimize the measurement set-up of natural sleep endoscopy (NSE).

this is a voluntary, investigator-initiated, inactivated COVID-19 vaccine controlled clinical trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in adults aged 18 years and above which have immunized with two dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at least 6 months ago.

This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.

Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) provides un-synchronized positive pressure and considered to be superior to nCPAP in preventing extubation failure. Recently, Non-Invasive Ventilation Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-NAVA) was introduced to NICU. NAVA is a ventilation mode that uses the electrical activity of the patient's diaphragm (Edi-signal) to guide both timing and magnitude of the support. However, it is unknown whether NIV-NAVA is superior to NIPPV in preventing extubation failure and preventing BPD. Hence, the investigators aim to compare the effect of NIPPV and NIV-NAVA on diaphragm function in premature infants with RDS or evolving BPD. Our hypothesis is that infants treated with NIV-NAVA will have improved diaphragmatic function and lung scoring.

The need for multiple night testing is well recognized in sleep medicine because of a considerable and relevant night-to-night variability. In a study with multiple recordings using WatchPAT®, the OSA severity of 24% of patients was misclassified when using one night compared to the average of three nights. On average, pAHI varied by 57% from night-to-night. The variability of pAHI could partially be explained by the variability of time spent in the supine position with more time supine leading to a higher pAHI (Tschopp et al 2021). Smith (2007) suggested that the AHI should be indicated with a confidence interval to indicate the uncertainty regarding its true value. The Minimal Detectable Difference (MDD) is of special interest in sleep medicine, especially when assessing treatment effects. MDD was found to be 12.8/h and the standard error of measurement was 4.6/h for 4 nights of polysomnography (Aarab et al. 2008). For WatchPAT®, measuring two and three nights showed a small reduction in MDD from 19.1/h to 18.0/h (Tschopp et al. 2021, in press). Only one study using pulse oximetry assessed the night-to-night variability over 14 days (Stöberl A. et al 2017). The study confirmed the enormous variability and focused mainly on its impact on OSA severity. While the night-to-night variability has been extensively studied for polysomnography, respiratory polygraphy, and WatchPAT®, little is known about the optimal number of nights to be recorded. There is convincing evidence from the literature, that the recording of multiple nights is the only way to assess the severity of the patient's disease with clinically reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the MDD with only one night's recording is astonishingly high. The question is how many nights should be recorded to achieve acceptable diagnostic accuracy. The precision of the OSA measurement depends on the clinical situation. For example, to diagnose severe OSA, a higher variability might be acceptable without influencing the treatment decision. However, when comparing treatment effects, the MDD should be as small as possible. The recording of multiple nights might be cumbersome for patients (e.g. with polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy) as well as costly. These factors have to be taken into consideration for the clinically feasible number of recordings. Sleepiz One Connect offers the unique opportunity for a contactless recording of breathing combined with conventional pulse oximetry and is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool that allows measurements over several nights. Studies with multiple night recordings will offer a basis for diagnostic recommendations in future guidelines. The study aims to investigate the variability of obstructive sleep apnea at-home sleep apnea testing. By investigating the variability, we want to quantify the improvement in diagnostic accuracy by additional measurements. The hypothesis is that additional recordings offer a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy by reducing the variability. The reduction in variability will diminish with each additional recording.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is a progressive disease that has no cure. Patients die young and are limited in their daily activity. Current treatments only treat the symptoms of the disease rather than the underlying cause. At least 1 in 5 patients has a change in a gene called the bone morphogenetic type 2 protein (or BMPR2). Extensive evidence supports the concept of addressing the reduced levels of the BMPR2 protein to reverse disease. Through work already undertaken by this group, two potential therapies which increase BMPR2 have been identified for use in a future randomised control trial. In order for a clinical trial to be informative we need an accurate way of measuring the protein or the effects of the protein (known as a biomarker). This study will use blood samples taken from 17 patients and 30 healthy participants over various time-points (2-5 visits over 5 weeks for healthy controls; 2 visits, approximately four months apart for patients). Laboratory work will help identify the best biomarkers for subsequent therapy studies. By defining the best biomarkers we can speed up the drug development in this rare disease.