Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Diseases"

The primary objective of the study is to determine the correlation between mean pleural pressure and oesophageal pressure in the immediate aftermath of bi-pulmonary transplantation. In this research, oesophageal pressure will be measured by a nasogastric tube with an esophageal balloon (also suitable for feeding the patient) usually installed at the time of transplantation, pleural pressure will be measured by several Pleurocath-type catheters (Prodimed Inc, France) which the thoracic surgeon will have positioned at the end of the surgery without additional skin intrusion.

The environmental pollutants and endogenous reactive oxygen metabolites from inflammatory cells exert substantial pathological effects on the lung cells [1]. Oxidative stress (OS) is a major factor that plays a significant role in lung cancer (LC) [2], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3] and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) [4, 5]. The current evidence suggests that OS takes part in the mechanisms involved in initiation, promotion and progression of respiratory diseases. The major exposures that cause OS can be summarized as smoking, and ambient air pollution that contains particulate matter smaller than aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm [6-8]. Epidemiological and clinical studies showed that the overall outcome of pulmonary OS is increased mortality due to increased incidence of respiratory diseases [9].

The purpose of this study is to detect adverse drug reactions for long-term use (particularly clinically significant adverse drug reactions) occurring in clinical settings, to examine factors likely to affect the safety and efficacy in the Japanese asthma patients who are treated with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate.

In response to the European regulatory authorities, GSK is conducting a post-marketing observational study to assess the efficacy of Relenza when used as prophylaxis against influenza. SPECIFIC AIMS Determine the frequency of patients who received Relenza from October 2006 through April 2009, and among them the number who have no concurrent diagnosis of influenza, i.e., those receiving Relenza for prophylaxis, and among these the number who have a family member with a medical visit for influenza within three days preceding the above indentified patient's dispensing of Relenza. This is to determine the feasibility of conducting detailed analysis. If analysis is feasible then tabulate the frequency of influenza-like-illness and respiratory outcomes in users of prophylactic Relenza and their family members and in family members of persons using Relenza for the treatment of influenza (i.e., index cases). If analysis is feasible then estimate the direct effect of prophylactic Relenza on the occurrence of influenza-like-illness and respiratory outcomes, the secondary effect of Relenza treatment of influenza on susceptible family members, and the total effect of Relenza (treatment plus prophylaxis). METHODS Overview of Study Design This is an analysis of the 30-day risk of influenza-like illness and respiratory outcomes in persons for whom some household members (index cases) have had a medical visit associated with a diagnosis of influenza. The exposed individuals to the index case will be categorized into one of four cohorts according to whether the exposed person received prophylactic Relenza or no antiviral treatment and by whether the index family member with a diagnosis of influenza received antiviral treatment. Estimates of the direct effect of Relenza prophylaxis, the indirect effectof preventing disease in susceptible family members, and the total effect of disease reduction when both index cases and susceptible family members are treated will be obtained from different comparisons between cohorts, as outlined below. The research will cover the first three influenza seasons during which Relenza has been indicated for prophylactic use in the United States. These will be from October through April of 2006-2009.

The purpose of this research study is to collect cells and liquid from the air passages of healthy adults, both smokers and non-smokers. These samples will be used for test-tube studies to explore mechanisms of diseases of the respiratory tract, and to compare the samples between people who smoke cigarettes and people who don't. Obtaining these samples requires an invasive procedure called "bronchoscopy".

To make these definitions of neural inspiratory time (Ti) and expiratory delay clearly.The present study was undertaken to examined the physiological signals of patients and healthy subjects during spontaneous breathing and noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

This observation will look at patient care decisions of the primary healthcare provider utilizing the results of the DNA testing of patients' metabolic pathways using 2C19, 2C9, 2D6, 3A4, Factor II, Factor V and MTHFR and VKORC1. Findings of the data collection will be published to optimize the benefits of pharmacogenomics testing and publish health outcomes.

Unwarranted use of antibiotics for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and use of second-line, broad spectrum antibiotics for bacterial ARTIs has contributed to the rapid development of resistance in many strains of bacteria. Provider-parent communication during pediatric visits for ARTIs strongly influence antibiotic prescribing rates. The overall goal of this study is to develop and test a distance learning quality improvement (QI) program called Dialogue Around Respiratory Illness Treatment - DART. The DART program aims to improve provider communication practices and treatment decisions during pediatric ARTI visits, with the ultimate goal being to decrease rates of antibiotic prescribing for these illnesses in children.

The study presents an alternative method of tracheal dilatation in pediatric patients with acquired tracheal stenosis. Dilatation is performed by the use of balloon catheter connected with manometer, that is bronchoscopic guided into trachea in the stenotic area, through the wide canal of supraglottic device i-Gel. Every dilatation cession consists of three consequent tracheal balloon dilatations of maximum 3 minutes duration each, followed by 10-15minutes interval of controlled ventilation. The balloon is inflated for 60 seconds to reach predefined pressure, and then deflated. This method is minimal traumatic for tracheal mucosa, and application of several dilatation procedures every 2-3months, in pediatric patients with acquired tracheal stenosis, may lead to a relative reopening of trachea and recession of clinical symptoms.For the right performance of the dilatation procedure, patients receive general anesthesia with cessation of spontaneous ventilation. During procedure, controlled ventilation-oxygenation is impossible, because the i-Gel canal is occupied by bronchoscope and balloon catheter, so patients will remain apneic for a short period of time. For pediatric patients is important to perform proper preoxygenation prior to procedure, and to maintain oxygenation as long as possible during procedure. This is achieved by application of apneic oxygenation, through a small catheter, connected to high flow oxygen. Participants are exposed during first dilation to no oxygenation, while during second and third dilatation to apneic oxygenation. Aim of the study is to investigate primarily whether application of apneic oxygenation, in pediatric patients during tracheal balloon dilatation, maintains regional cerebral oxygen saturation rSO2 in significant higher levels, compared with no application of oxygenation. rSO2 levels are a sensitive index of oxygenation efficacy of the brain, accordingly this refers to a safe procedure. Secondary issues are whether application of apneic oxygenation maintains pulse oximetry SpO2 and artierial oxygen partial pressure PaO2 in higher levels, and what are the effects on arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure PaCO2 and on haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure), compared with no application of apneic oxygenation.

A preliminary study to evaluate a new nasal interface and portable ventilator system in comparison to standard oxygen therapy in patients with severe chronic lung disease.