Active clinical trials for "Staphylococcal Infections"

Staphylococci represent the first etiologic agents of bone and joint infection (BJI), leading glycopeptides use, especially in case of methicillin-resistance or betalactam intolerance. Teicoplanin may represent an alternative to vancomycin because of its acceptable bone penetration and possible subcutaneous administration. Various studies have shown that teicoplanin pharmacodynamic profile was superior compared to vancomycin regarding bone diffusion. Few studies have investigated the use of teicoplanin in BJI, particularly through subcutaneous administration. The aim of this study assesses the efficacy and tolerance of teicoplanin in S. aureus BJI, especially focusing on subcutaneous use. This study is a retrospective single-center observational cohort study (2001 to 2011) including all consecutive patients managed at our institution receiving teicoplanin as part of S. aureus BJI treatment.

Drug use investigation of Zyvox for patients with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection disease. The objective of this surveillance is to collect information about 1) adverse drug reaction not expected from the Package Insert (unknown adverse drug reaction), 2) the incidence of adverse drug reactions in this surveillance, and 3)factors considered to affect the safety and/or efficacy of this drug.

Understudied drugs will be administered to children per standard of care as prescribed by their treating caregiver and only biological sample collection during the time of drug administration will be involved. A total of approximately 7000 children aged <21 years who are receiving these drugs for standard of care will be enrolled and will be followed for up a maximum of 90 days. The goal of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of understudied drugs for which specific dosing recommendations and safety data are lacking. The prescribing of drugs to children will not be part of this protocol. Taking advantage of procedures done as part of routine medical care (i.e. blood draws) this study will serve as a tool to better understand drug exposure in children receiving these drugs per standard of care. The data collected through this initiative will also provide valuable pharmacokinetic and dosing information of drugs in different pediatric age groups as well as special pediatric populations (i.e. obese).

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the ability of current vancomycin dosing strategies to attain the pharmacodynamic target of an area under the curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio greater than 400:1 for patients with a suspected or documented Staphylococcus aureus infection. Primary Outcome: The primary outcome is the percentage of vancomycin dosing regimens that achieve AUC:MIC ratio > 400 on the first occurrence of vancomycin use in patients with a suspected or documented S. aureus infection at The Nebraska Medical Center. Secondary Outcomes: To assess the probability that vancomycin AUC:MIC ratios obtained from The Nebraska Medical Center patients exceed a therapeutic threshold using S. aureus MICs from isolates obtained from The Nebraska Medical Center. Using MIC data from the TRUST Study database (large national surveillance database) and the vancomycin AUC data obtained from TNMC patients, perform a Monte Carlo analysis that will assess the probability of achieving a therapeutic vancomycin threshold with a large number of isolates.

One hundred new residents will be recruited prior to the start of residency and followed prospectively for a year. Monthly nasal swabs will be performed to identify colonization with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).The proportion of study subjects colonized with MRSA at the end of 1 year will be calculated.

The incidence of community-associated (CA) staphylococcal infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has increased dramatically in recent years. Although the majority of these infections are limited to the skin and soft tissue and thus not life threatening, the number of invasive cases in otherwise healthy individuals is increasing and some are fatal. As a first step toward understanding pathogenesis, there has been significant focus on elucidating the key CA-MRSA virulence factors. The relative significance of these factors is still being delineated. By comparison, there has been little focus on host factors associated with these invasive infections. In this protocol, we will recruit 100 otherwise healthy subjects with invasive staphylococcal infection, 50 otherwise healthy subjects with recurrent staphylococcal infections, and obtain samples from 150 unidentified healthy controls from the blood bank to investigate host immunologic factors predisposing people to staphylococcal infection. Subjects will receive standard of care treatment for acute or recurrent staphylococcal infections. The primary objective of this research is to identify host genetic factors that contribute to susceptibility or severity of community acquired staphylococcal diseases. We will use three experimental approaches to complete this objective: 1) expression microarray analyses of study population s (subjects and controls) white cells (neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) at rest and stimulated with staphylococci, 2) evaluation of toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways in the study population s cells, and 3) evaluation of Th17 cells. The proposed research will address a key area of staphylococcal pathogenesis for which there is a striking lack of information. We fully anticipate that the research also will provide critical new information directly relevant to vaccine, diagnostics, and therapeutics development.

The current recommended antibiotic, Cefazolin, treatment for vascular surgery, provides coverage only for Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureaus (MSSA), other gram-positive bacteria, and some gram-negative bacteria which may not be adequate antibiotic treatment at the time of vascular surgery and result in an increased hospital length of stay, increased cost of care, and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality as a consequence of surgical site infections. Thus, the investigators want to compare whether Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureaus (MRSA) antibiotic prophylaxis with Cefazolin plus Daptomycin is superior to Cefazolin plus Vancomycin in the reduction of surgical site infection (SSI) following open arterial revascularization procedures requiring a groin plus lower extremity incision. The investigators hypothesis is that Cefazolin plus Daptomycin is superior to Cefazolin plus Vancomycin in the prevention of SSI for high risk patients undergoing open groin plus lower extremity procedures.

This study is to determine if medication cabinets located outside of isolation rooms in hospitals and their contents, particularly medications and the delivery folders are at a higher risk of having harmful bacteria on them.

The presence of S aureus in the nasal passages of diabetic patients may be a risk factor for diabetic foot lesion infections. Our aim is to compare the genetic profiles of S aureus strains found in the noses and on the foot lesions of diabetic patients. The investigators are also studying the virulence of these strains, the prevalance of S aureus at either site, and whether or not the quantity of S aureus found in the nose affects the risk for infection in foot lesions. The investigators also use this study to test the sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert system.

There are only very few data about the prevalence of CA-MRSA in France and no in athletes. In USA, the clone USA300 is widely disseminated and in Europe the clone ST80 predominates. The aim of the study was to study the carriage of S. aureus in athletes in a French county (Limousin) and to evaluate the proportion of CA-MRSA. The athletes will be met during their training, each one will fill-in a clinical information questionnaire. Nasal, throat, inguinal and skin lesions swab samples will be performed. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the Staphyloccocus aureus strains isolated will be performed as well as the detection of the PVL gene. Strains will also be typed by different molecular methods (PGFE (Pulsed Gel Field Electrophoresis), SCCmec type (Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette mec), and MLST (MultiLocus Sequence Typing)). The CIC (Clinical Investigation Center) of the Limoges University Hospital will be in charge of the inclusions of the athletes. The sample analysis will be centralized and performed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Limoges University Hospital. A Clinical Research Officer of the Limoges University Hospital will be in charge of the survey of the study and will organize monthly meetings with all the participants of the study.