Active clinical trials for "Staphylococcal Infections"

S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent bacteria responsible for PJI (prosthetic joint infection). The aim of this study is to describe the use of rifampicin.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Cepheid GeneXpert system accurately detects Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures and wound swabs.

The hypothesis of this investigation is that rate of isolation of resistant nosocomial pathogens can be explained by a combination of measures that include, among other things, antimicrobial drug use, infection control efforts, patient mix and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. The short term goal of this investigation is to improve our understanding of the relationships between antimicrobial stewardship program efforts (and actual antimicrobial drug use), and infection control efforts to the incidence rates of MSSA, MRSA, h-VISA and SA-MICcreep. The long term goal of this investigation is to design interventions that will improve antimicrobial drug use and decrease cross-transmission of resistant bacteria, resulting in a decrease in the rates of infection caused resistant hospital organisms.

Lactation (breastfeeding) mastitis is an acute infection of the milk ducts of the breastfeeding woman. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the infectious germ most commonly associated with lactation mastitis. Twenty percent of the general population are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, which means that they carry the infectious germ but do not become ill from it. It has been suggested that mothers who are carriers of S. aureus in their nostril may be at an increased risk of developing lactational mastitis, however; this has not been clinical proven. We are studying the relationship between S. aureus carrier status of breastfeeding mothers and infants and the risk of developing lactational mastitis. Additionally, we are collecting questionnaire data in an attempt to better define factors predisposing women to lactation mastitis.

Reduced susceptibility of Staphyloccus aureus to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is causing increasing concern worldwide in view of the threat of increased morbidity and mortality caused by such resistant organisms. MRL Pharmaceutical Services, a Division of Focus/MRL, has been contracted by NIAID to establish a Network on Antimicrobial Resistance in S. aureus (NARSA) to document cases where staphylococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC's greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) have arisen and to procure such isolates into a central repository for distribution to registered approved researchers. MRL will be responsible for contacting sites where such isolates have been reported to discuss the test methods used to determine the reduced vancomycin susceptibility status of the isolate. Once the MRL Laboratory has determined that the isolate meets the criteria stated above, the site will be asked to ship the isolate to MRL as a possible candidate for inclusion in the NARSA Repository. The procurement strategy will involve issuing each isolate a temporary strain designation number which will be destroyed once the antibiotic profile of the isolate has been confirmed at MRL, thus preventing any link to the data generated by the site. The isolate and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile to several key drugs will be recorded in the NARSA Repository database. Demographic information related to the isolate and collected from the site includes: The Name of the Donor Site/Institution, City (to be held in a separate secured database, these data points are not available to registered user); State, Country of Donor Site; Isolation Date; Age; Sex; Patient Location; Patient Service; Culture Source; Reporting History. This information will be held in the Registry database. Since patient-specific information will not be collected, a request for a waiver of informed consent has been requested herein. NIAID funded investigators (NARSA Core Investigators) and other approved registered users whose research focuses on S. aureus will have access to the Registry/Repository database and will be able to request isolates for use in their research. Facility specific information will be held in a separate secured database that is not available to registered researchers unless approved through an IRB review.

Staphylococcus aureus is not only one of the first pathogens infecting the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but also a highly prevalent microorganism (>60% of all CF patients; European and American CF registries; (4,25), which often persists for several years in the respiratory tract of CF patients. The purpose of this study is to dissect infection by S. aureus from colonization. Therefore, the following non-interventional prospective, longitudinal multicenter study will be conducted to develop the following hypothesis: CF patients with high bacterial loads are more likely to be infected by S. aureus than patients with low bacterial loads. Primary endpoint: bacterial load of sputum cultures Secondary endpoints: nasal carriage molecular analysis of S. aureus (Monoclonal/polyclonal) serum: S. aureus-specific antibodies, S100A12, IL-8, TNF-alpha sputum: S100A12, IL-8, myeloperoxidase S. aureus therapy regimens lung function tests: FEV1, deltaFVC , deltaMEF25 BMI development Inclusion criteria: S. aureus cultures for more than 6 months within the last year, children (>6 years) and patients, who are able to perform lung function tests Exclusion criteria: P. aeruginosa and/or B. cepacia cultures from the specimens for more than 6 months within the last year before recruitment or during the study period In addition to microbiological investigations and clinical laboratory tests, the actual clinical situation will be evaluated and reported during the study period. The results of this observational study will be used to carefully plan a clinical interventional study. Furthermore, with the results it might be possible to characterize a subpopulation of patients, which is at greater risk for S. aureus infections.

Recently, the investigators described a new mucoid phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus cultured from the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.In this observational study, the investigators plan to determine the prevalence of mucoid S. aureus in respiratory specimens of CF patients and a possible impact of mucoid S. aureus on lung disease severity.

The zNose® MRSA test is a non-invasive breath test for markers of Staphylococcus aureus, which may predict the probability of bacterial organisms in the anterior nares, throat and respiratory tract, wounds, and anus and therefore be able to replace or supplement current active Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) surveillance efforts. It consists of: A collection apparatus for collection of volatile compounds from suspected infection sites onto a sorbent trap or Tedlar bag, as well as for the collection of a separate sample of room air. Analysis of the volatile organic compounds from suspected infection sites and room air by short acoustic wave gas chromatography. Interpretation of the volatile organic compounds with a proprietary algorithm in order to predict the probability of Staphylococcus aureus infection and colonization. This study will test the hypothesis that we can identify the presence of MRSA by sampling the "head space" above culture media of anterior nare samples provided by patients with MRSA. Additionally, this study will test the hypothesis that we can identify the presence of MRSA by sampling air exhaled through the nostrils (nasal exhalant).

The objective of this study is to review the local management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital-acquired pneumonia treated with vancomycin or linezolid with the goal to define if any difference exists among these antimicrobials in regard to clinical and economic outcomes.

In this prospective, observational, multicentric open study, the investigators will compare the acquisition rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus) nasal carriage in community patients receiving an ambulatory antibiotic treatment by either a β-lactam (amoxicillin-clavulanate or penicillins M), a macrolide, a synergistin or a fluoroquinolone.