Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

In opioid dependent patients treated with long-acting injectable naltrexone (Vivitrol ®), we will compare the efficacy of a primary care model of counseling (Condition 1) versus individualized cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (Condition 2) for the treatment of opioid dependence. Treatment will last 12 weeks, and participants will be given 380mg of naltrexone per injection (3 injections in total; each lasting 4 weeks). Primary outcomes will be 1) percent of opioid negative urines and 2) treatment compliance as measured by attendance and time in treatment. Secondary outcomes are opiate craving, opiate withdrawal symptoms, perceived stress scores, severity of addiction problems, and patient satisfaction. Findings will elucidate whether injectable, long-acting naltrexone would be safe and effective in a primary care setting where medication would be administered in the absence of traditional cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and indicate whether cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy adds to treatment effects above and beyond primary care counseling. If positive, this small controlled study will provide effect size estimates for a larger trial to assess Vivitrol ® in a primary care setting.

The Rural African American Families Health (RAAFH) Project is a federally funded research study designed to evaluate the effectiveness two prevention programs designed for rural African American families. One program, FUEL, helps teens develop lifestyles that prevent health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and being overweight. This program deals with diet and exercise, the influence of TV and magazines on eating habits, and handling stress. The second program, the Strong African American Families Teen Program (SAAF-T), helps teens learn how to develop plans for the future and to avoid drug use and unsafe sex. The sessions deal with goal setting, peer pressure, and staying in school.

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of drug testing on risk and protective factors of substance abuse among adolescents; examine whether drug and alcohol testing among high school athletes leads to reduced drug and alcohol use; and assess the use of drugs and alcohol among student athletes and non-athletes.

This study will compare the effects of GSK598809 and placebo in alcohol dependent volunteers. A placebo is a pill with no drug in it (i.e. dummy drug) but it is made to look exactly like the real drug. Subjects will be given one dose of GSK598809 during one visit and placebo during the other visit. These dosing visits will be at least 1 week apart. The study is randomised, which means that a computer programme will decide by chance (like tossing a coin), the order in which subjects will receive GSK598809 or the placebo, or in other words, whether they will receive GSK598809 or placebo first. The study is blinded, which means the subjects will not know whether they are receiving study drug or placebo first and neither will the doctors at the institute. If necessary for reasons of safety, the study staff can find out exactly what the subject has received. The study will last for approximately 4 weeks but could be up to 6 weeks, depending on length of time between screening and dosing. From screening the subjects will be alcohol-abstinent, they may be put on medication for treatment of withdrawal symptoms and then will have at least 7 days without any medication before beginning the study medication. During the study the subjects will be inpatients at the Central Institute of Mental Health. All subjects will be required to fill out questionnaires, perform behavioural tasks and undergo MRI and functional MRI (fMRI) scans.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a one-to-one, adult-to-youth primary preventive mentoring program in Sweden. Outcome domains and criteria for inclusion and exclusion of study participants are elaborated in collaboration with the providing NGO, and the program is given as customary.

This project focuses on the under-researched group of individuals who develop psychotic episodes of short duration (less than four weeks) while using substances. This includes individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) or substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIP) AND substance abuse or dependence. Very little is known about the most appropriate maintenance/relapse prevention management of these subjects. These individuals are not diagnosed with a primary psychosis because psychotic symptoms are too short-lived or non-specific, the onset of substance use precedes the onset of psychotic symptoms and the subject has not experienced sufficient psychotic symptoms in the absence of substance use. However, previous studies have shown that they are at high risk of recurrence of psychotic symptoms. Thus, this project will assess the efficacy of the second-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole for maintenance treatment of subjects who had a recent psychotic episode of short duration associated with substance use. The investigators will compare aripiprazole and placebo for preventing the recurrence of psychotic symptoms and decreasing substance use during a 6-month maintenance phase.

This study aims to determine if varenicline (Chantix®), currently used as a smoking cessation aid, will decrease the likelihood of relapse to smoking following a programmed lapse in the laboratory. The hypothesis is that varenicline will reduce the reinforcing effects of smoking and will delay or prevent relapse compared to placebo.

Over the past decade, many new programs intended to prevent substance use among adolescents have been developed and evaluated. There has been a recent shift towards brief interventions for youth in school (Brown, 2001; D'Amico and Fromme, 2002) and health care settings, such as emergency rooms and inpatient clinics (Barnett et al., 2001; Colby et al., 1998; Monti et al., 1999). Although the primary care setting presents a unique opportunity to intervene with youth concerning drug use, such as marijuana or inhalants, many youth are not screened for use (Friedman et al., 1990; Johnson and Millstein, 2003; Middleman et al., 1995) and preventive services in this setting are significantly below recommended levels (Halpern-Felsher et al., 2000; Klein et al., 2001; Ozer et al., 2001). The objectives of the proposed research are to: 1) explore the feasibility of adapting a brief intervention from our previous work for use in the primary care (PC) setting, and 2) assess the short-term efficacy of the intervention in the PC setting. During year 1, focus groups of high-risk youth (n=16), parents (n=8), and providers (n=8) will provide feedback on barriers to implementing a substance use brief intervention in a PC setting. We define high-risk youth as those who may have already developed regular patterns of use or have experienced some problems due to their use. In addition, the intervention will be pilot tested with 10 high-risk youth who will provide feedback on intervention content. Revisions will be made to the intervention curriculum based on this feedback and in year 2, the short-term efficacy of the intervention will be tested with a small sample of high-risk youth (n=30). This study will extend brief intervention research for youth, as it will be one of the first to examine the feasibility of implementing a brief substance use intervention to PC with high-risk youth and to determine the impact of this intervention on short-term outcomes.

Surveys suggest that up to 80% of veterans with a persistent mental illness have a co-occurring substance use disorder. Substance abuse among this population is problematic and often results in poor engagement in treatment and thus, frequent hospitalizations and an unstable illness course. Regarding treatment engagement, data from a VA New Jersey facility indicated that 50% of those veterans discharged from the acute psychiatric hospital unit to outpatient care did not attend their initial screening appointment and another 30% dropped out within six weeks. To assist with the transition from inpatient to outpatient care, we previously developed an eight-week augmentation intervention entitled, Time-Limited Case Management (TLC). TLC integrates evidence-based interventions of 1) Dual Recovery Therapy; 2) Critical Time Intervention Case Management along with 3) Peer Support with the goal of assisting individuals with the transition from inpatient to outpatient care.

A Phase 1, Single Dose, Open-label, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Study of LYN-014 in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Who are Stable on Methadone Therapy