Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

The aim of this project is to look at emotional regulation in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). This study will explore how people with PTSD-SUD regulate their emotions and how this might explain the relationship between these two disorders. In turn, this may inform effective treatment strategies for people with comorbid PTSD-SUD. Emotional regulation refers to the way in which people process and respond to their emotions. PTSD and SUD commonly cooccur and this is associated with adverse outcomes including high rates of relapse, overdose, and suicide. We therefore need effective treatments to address this clinical concern. Evidence suggests emotional regulation might be important in the development and maintenance of PTSD and SUD and therefore it might be a useful target for treatment. However, most research in this area has been quantitative and has not considered how gender, social circumstances and trauma or substance type might affect the way people regulate their emotions. This study will recruit 40 adults with trauma histories and PTSD who are currently receiving treatment in a community drug and alcohol service for their substance use. Participants will be interviewed to explore how they regulate their emotions and how this relates to their social circumstances. This study will also explore whether gender, substance or trauma type affect the way people regulate their emotions. We hope this will help to improve treatment for people with PTSD and SUD.

This research will adapt an evidence based intervention for alcohol and other drugs and evaluate its efficacy on Prescription Stimulant Medication (PSM) misuse in a web-based format for use with college students who have misused PSMs.

Approximately 25 million Americans struggle with alcohol or drug problems annually. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is costly to our nation, exacting more than $428 billion in costs related to crime, lost work productivity and health care. While effective treatments exist, over half of those who enter treatment for substance use disorders drop out early in treatment and return to alcohol or drug abuse. Psychological stress is a causal factor in the pathogenesis of substance use disorder (SUD) and relapse risk. Low-income women report high levels of stress in SUD residential treatment stemming from significant economic and family stressors in addition to challenges of adjusting to residential treatment demands. Unmanaged stress, especially in early stages of residential treatment, is a major concern because it can increase dropout. Dropout from residential treatment places women at risk of substance use relapse. A gap in knowledge persists regarding the use of mindfulness-based interventions with racially/ethnically diverse low-income women with SUDs, especially regarding the efficacy of adapted (Mindfulness-based interventions) MBIs for preventing residential dropout and decreasing relapse. We have fully adapted, developed, and pilot tested a novel MBI, Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery: Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention for Women (MBRP-W), that supports the needs of women in residential treatment. This MBI integrates relapse prevention, addresses literacy level, and is relevant to issues surrounding treatment- and relapse-related stressors of disadvantaged women. The current project has three specific aims: (1) to test the efficacy of MBRP-W on residential treatment retention and substance use relapse in racially/ethnically diverse low-income women; (2) to determine the mechanisms of change underlying the MBRP-W program; and (3) to explore neural changes associated with program effects. A rationale for MBRP-W is the need for self-initiated stress management skills in women with SUDs during the early stressful periods of residential treatment that increase risk of dropout and relapse.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether computer bias modification for interpretation bias (CBM-I) is effective in the reduction of suicidal ideation in substance use disorders.

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. There is high demand for effective interventions for cannabis use disorder, yet few specific treatments for have been developed. This study will evaluate the efficacy of varenicline for reducing marijuana use in people who use marijuana frequently.

This study will evaluate the safety, effectiveness and tolerance of low doses of oral naltrexone along with buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder prior to the first injection of VIVITROL.

The aim of the current study is to develop and pilot test an anxiety sensitivity-based intervention for co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) and anxiety. Research questions include determining whether a broadly-applicable AS-based intervention can significantly decrease both substance misuse and anxiety. Secondary aims include examining the impact of this intervention on general functioning and depressive/anxious symptoms. In phase I, an initial pilot was conducted to examine the feasibility, safety, and patient satisfaction with the protocol, and to estimate potential efficacy of the protocol. In phase II, participants will be randomized to the intervention or a control condition.

The purpose of the two RCT registered here is to determine whether clinicians trained on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)-linked brief intervention (BI) through the NextGenU.org model of training are able to deliver effective brief intervention for risky level of alcohol use. It is one study part of a larger program of research. The investigators hypothesize that the NextGenU.org model of online training with mentor and peer activities is an effective way to train clinicians to deliver the ASSIST-linked brief intervention. The investigators hypothesize that eligible participants receiving the brief intervention will decrease their alcohol consumption and experienced improved health and social outcomes more than those receiving only screening results and written information (p<0.05). The investigators hypothesize the level of decrease in alcohol consumption will be similar to that of trials conducted in high-income countries (HIC).

Heroin use has been related to brain dysfunction particularly in the prefrontal cortex. These effects are evident in neuropsychological impairments in attention, memory and executive functioning of heroin users. To assess these deficits and the application of a novel approach of cognitive stimulation to heroin users in treatment for opioid dependence, we have carried out a neuropsychological intervention program with mobile health technology. Patients diagnosed with opioid dependence were submitted to cognitive stimulation during four weeks in a three-day/week basis.

Medication adherence rates among youth living with HIV are inadequate to effectively manage the disease, and novel interventions grounded in basic behavioral sciences are needed. This multi-site phased (3 phases) study plans to translate basic cognitive neuroscience regarding prospective memory (PM) into a more potent adherence intervention for youth living with HIV (YLH). The phases are: Phase 1: To improve PM in basic laboratory tasks in YLH with and without substance abuse. -Hypothesis 1: Manipulations in three theory-based components of PM (strategic encoding, self-monitoring and cue salience) will improve PM within each participant. Phase 2: To conduct proof of concept studies of a text-delivered PM intervention for taking ART in YLH with suboptimal adherence. Hypothesis 2: Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) will improve following initiation of the PM adherence intervention and will be maintained for 6 weeks after tapering of the intervention. Hypothesis 2a: Similar feasibility, tolerability, and adherence improvement trends will be seen in youth with and without substance problems. Phase 3: To conduct additional proof of concept studies, based on Phase 2 findings, of a text-delivered PM intervention for taking ART in YLH with suboptimal adherence. Hypothesis 3: Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, adherence to ART will improve following initiation of the PM adherence intervention and will be maintained for 6 weeks after tapering of the intervention. Hypothesis 3a: Similar feasibility, tolerability, and adherence improvement trends will be seen in youth.