Active clinical trials for "Syndrome"

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and one of the leading causes of infertility. PCOS and obesity affect up to 12.5% - 48.3% Asian women, increase incidence of impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and aggravate insulin resistance, cause ovulatory dysfunction and menstrual disorders, and negatively impact outcomes of Assited Reproductive Technology (ART), with higher miscarriage rate when receiving ART. Weight loss decrease insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, improve ovulation rate and menstrual cycle, significantly higher conception and live birth rates. Weight loss prior to IVF procedures has been associated with significantly improved pregnancy rates (PR) and live birth rates. Furthermore, a decreased number of IVF cycles required to achieve a pregnancy has also been reported after weight loss interventions. Based on the principles of fetal programming, improving a lifestyle before conception might lead to improved longterm health of the offspring. Studies on the effect of anti-obesity medication combined with lifestyle changes on body weight and composition and metabolic - endocrine parameters and pregnancy rate in obese women diagnosed with PCOS are lacking. There is a growing need to develop pharmacologic interventions to improve metabolic function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Chemotherapy or target therapy-induced hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients affects the quality of life. At present, there is no better treatment for this side effect of chemotherapy or target therapy. In severe cases, it is necessary to reduce the dose of chemotherapy or target therapy, which may affect the progress and effect of chemotherapy. In recent years, acupuncture has been widely used for many side effects of chemotherapy, such as numbness of hands and feet, gastrointestinal discomfort, and dizziness. There have been many studies have proved to be effective, but quite few studies explored the acupuncture treatment improves the hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy or target therapy in cancer patients. Therefore, the investigators expect to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture, and applying acupuncture or laser acupuncture to improve hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy or target therapy in cancer patients in the future.

Ageing is associated with the development of various negative conditions, such as frailty. Defined as a decreased ability to combat negative stressors (e.g. injury and illness), frailty is highly prevalent in elderly adults and significantly increases an individual's risk of adverse events such as falls, illness and death. The underlying physical characteristics of frailty are currently incompletely understood, with many previous studies focusing on one tissue (e.g. the brain) in isolation. However, frailty is known to affect many tissues simultaneously, and to further our insight into the biological basis of frailty and how to treat it, we must determine how different organs are affected at the same time. The study will look at the physical characteristics of non-frail and frail elderly females (aged 65 years and over), who are attending geriatric clinics across the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust. We will aim to recruit 51 participants with this cohort broken down into non-frail (n=17), pre-frail (n=17) and frail (n=17) subgroups. Participants will be allocated to these groups based on their Electronic Frailty Index, Clinical Frailty Scale and Fried frailty phenotype scores. All participants will undergo basic muscle function tests (grip strength, leg strength and muscle activity) and questionnaires on their first visit to University of Nottingham laboratories. At a second visit, they will then undergo one Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning session, at the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre within the University, to gather information about the structure and function of their heart, brain and skeletal muscle. MRI scan protocols will take approximately 45-60 mins. Data gathered from MRI scanning will be compared across non-frail, pre-frail and frail groups to investigate differences across frailty states, with the aim of highlighting the defining physical characteristics of the frail state which may help to develop future treatment interventions to combat the condition. We hypothesise that frail females will present with common physical characteristics, the clustering of which will be indicative of frailty severity. We also hypothesise that certain physical traits present in the frail will not be present in the non-frail.

This prospective multinational, multicentre cohort study aims to investigate the hypothesis that biomarkers of muscle cell damage can predict acute compartment syndrome in patients with tibial fractures.

Background: Androgen effects in humans are usually (but not always) mediated by the androgen receptor which is coded for by the androgen receptor gene (AR gene). Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a rare condition in which the body cannot sense the male hormones in the blood or tissue. Both women and men can be affected by AIS. Researchers want to learn more about the health of people with AIS over time. With a natural history study in individuals with AIS, data and tests may provide information regarding health risks (including the risks and benefits of gonadectomy and best ways to monitor for tumor) and optimal management of individuals with AIS as well as elucidate the role of the androgen receptor in human health. This study does not involve any interventions and we can provide clinical care while collecting data. Objective: The objective of this natural history study is to describe and define a comprehensive phenotype (characteristic) of patients with AIS based on confirmed androgen receptor (AR) gene difference. We will evaluate hormones, bone density and markers, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, as well as quality of life and tumor formation risk and evaluation. The purpose is to obtain a better understanding of the overall health issues that people with AIS may have through the study procedures listed. Eligibility: People ages 0-99 with AIS and their adult relatives Design: Participants will go through a series of study procedures for data and specimen collection. This will be done to understand how AIS affects individuals since the androgen receptor is found in many tissues in the body including skin, bone, muscle, and the neurologic, immune and metabolic systems. All tests will be performed by skilled and trained study professionals. Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Medical record review Lab tests. Participants will have physical exams. Their body measurements will be taken. They will have blood and urine tests. They will have electrocardiograms to check heart health. They may complete questionnaires. They may have an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Participants may have x-rays taken of the hand, wrist, and other bones. Participants will have body scans to measure bone thickness. Participants will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or sonogram of the pelvis. For MRI, they may get a contrast agent via intravenous (IV) catheter. Adult participants may have the following: MR elastography. It uses MRI and low-frequency vibrations to map stiffness of body tissues. MR spectroscopy. It uses MRI to take pictures of chemicals in the liver and body fat. Cardiac computed tomography scan. It uses x-rays to make pictures of the heart. Participants may get a contrast agent via IV. Optional genital exam. Participants will have visits every 1-2 years. Participation lasts indefinitely. Adult relatives will also be invited to participate but will have only 1 visit. It will include some of the above tests.

Individuals with Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) sometimes have brain involvement which can result in seizures, stroke-like episodes and neurologic deficits. The purpose of this study is to integrate longitudinal clinical data, radiological data, and blood biomarkers of Sturge-Weber syndrome patients. The research aims are: To integrate longitudinal clinical data, radiological data, and blood biomarkers of Sturge-Weber syndrome patients. Identify plasma and imaging biomarkers sensitive to exacerbation of clinical symptoms including seizures, headaches, or stroke-like episodes. For enrolled patients who present with severe neurological symptoms screen blood samples for inflammatory changes. The target enrollment for this study is about 250 individuals diagnosed with Sturge-Weber Syndrome. The goal of this study is to understand more about Sturge-Weber Syndrome, the possible treatments for this disease, and identify targets for clinical trials. Those participating in the database will be asked to consent to blood draws.

Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disease affecting the eyes, skeleton, heart and arteries. Despite MFS affecting multiple organ systems, cardiovascular manifestations are the most serious and life threatening. Approximately 80% of adult MFS patients will have a dilated aortic root by age 40 years with aortic aneurysm and dissection the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Living with a diagnosis of Marfan Syndrome, including undergoing and recovering from heart surgery, affects patients' mental health, well-being and quality of life in ways that are not well understood. This study will address the current knowledge gaps in this area and will provide the information needed to design interventions to help improve the MFS patients' mental health, well-being and quality of life after heart surgery. The study will include adult MFS patients who are undergoing aorto-vascular surgery. The overall aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) effects of the surgical interventions for aorto-vascular manifestations of MFS in 3 large UK cardiac centres. To achieve this, the researchers will ask the potential participants, after obtaining informed consent, to complete a series of accepted / validated questionnaires to measure the health-related quality of life (SF-36 and EQ5D questionnaire) and psychosocial factors such as depression (CES-D questionnaire), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), stigma (Perceived Stigma Questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale), pain and illness perception (Illness Perception Questionnaire). Participants will be asked to complete the questionnaires before surgery and at various time points after surgery (at 6 weeks after hospital discharge and at 6 and 12 months after surgery). The research team will also collect in-hospital post-operative morbidity burden following aorto-vascular surgery using cardiac post-operative morbidity score (C-POMS) tool from the patients and clinical records. The association of C-POMS with psychosocial and HRQoL outcomes will also be examined.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a pre-leukemic condition with an extremely poor prognosis despite current treatments that justify new therapeutic approaches. Various studies have described the potential involvement of both immune compartment and cellular metabolism in the pathophysiology of MDS. The aim of this study is to determine the specific immune and metabolic profiles of the different classes of MDS and to identify predictive markers of progression/survival/response to therapy.

In this study, we will study 129Xe-MRI and LCI as tools for diagnosis of BOS in pediatric patients who have received Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and have been identified as eligible for this study. Participants will be required to have vital signs collected, complete breathing tests and complete an MRI. The MRI will require participants to perform breath holds in the MRI scanner with xenon gas while being coached by a research assistant.

This study is being conducted to determine whether prophylactic administration of surfactant by the Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) method reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in the first 72 hours of life when compared to early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) alone.