Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

Aim of the study is to determine optimal time to initiate anti-retroviral therapy in HIV/TB co-infected patients who recently started treatment for Tuberculosis by comparing immediate versus deferred initiation of HAART. The study will address the following questions; Is it possible to reduce mortality rate and increase survival by early initiation of HAART during TB treatment with out compromising for adverse drug reaction, toxicity and immune reconstitution syndrome? What is the risk/ benefit ratio between immediate versus deferred initiation of HAART during TB treatment with respect to safety/efficacy of TB and HIV co-treatment? When is the most appropriate time to start HAART during TB treatment?

Center for Disease Control (CDC) data reveal that after years of sustained decrease, the incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) disease in the US has plateaued. Most of the cases occur when Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) reactivates replication in people who have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Only 5 to 10% of subjects with LTBI develop active TB Infection over their lifetime. Current US guidelines recommend treating everyone with LTBI to stop progression to active TB. As treatment is long, only about 45-55% of patients finish treatment overall, regardless of whether the patients are at high (>10%) or low lifetime risk of reactivation. The investigator's study aims to test the efficacy of a combined approach of first determining subjects at high risk of reactivation and then treating them with a CDC approved once a week treatment regimen, directly observed by a nurse over video (video-based Directly Observed Therapy, vDOT). Ensuring treatment of the high-risk group will eventually decrease the community active TB burden.

A Study to Validate and Improve an Automated Image Analysis Algorithm to Detect Tuberculosis in Sputum Smear Slides

To compare the positivity rate of the investigational assay to the currently approved QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay.

PET/MRI (positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) with somatostatin analog tracers has the potential to provide an imaging technique targeting subclinical granulomatous disease in those with latent tuberculosis (TB), allowing identification of individuals who may be at risk of progression to active TB.

Consenting adults will be interviewed for demographic and medical information, and then will be asked to provide two expectorated sputum specimens. In the study laboratory, sputa will be tested using conventional and investigational diagnostic tests for tuberculosis.

Assess sensitivity and specificity of two nucleic acid amplification tests, namely Epistem Genedrive® and MolbioTruenat™ in raw sputum compared to the WHO-endorsed GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay using a gold standard of four cultures

To compare the results of the investigational test to the currently approved QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test.

Traditionally, peritoneal tuberculosis has been classified as wet-ascitic, dry-plastic type and fibrotic -fixed types. there is substantial overlap between these definitions and the clinical implication of the categorisation into the three patterns is unclear. The clinical presentation will be used to divide participants into 1) Abdominal distension dominant disease or 2) Pain Dominant and/or 3) Obstruction dominant peritoneal tuberculosis. The radiological findings between these groups will be compared if findings on radiology are discriminative of these three patterns of presentation.

HIV patients are likely to suffer from opportunistic infections, in absence of highly active retroviral therapy. This happens due to lack of awareness of HIV status among patients or unresponsive to anti retroviral drugs. This study is for the prevalence of AIDS defining OIs among treatment naive HIV patients.