Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

This is a multi-center, blinded study to determine the performance of the YD Diagnostic Corporation (YD) REBA MTB-MDR® and Hain Genotype MTBDRplus V2 kit in a total of 600 clinical isolates and 900 residual sputum samples from patients with symptoms of pulmonary TB (PTB) and at risk of drug resistance. All testing was done on stored, de-identified leftover samples. The study involved three World Health Organization (WHO) Supranational Reference Laboratories with well-characterized strain collections and access to sputum samples with significant rates of drug resistance.

Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis remains especially challenging since the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli present in tissues at sites of disease is often low and clinical specimens from deep-seated organs may be difficult to obtain. Histology is time-consuming to undertake and establishing a diagnosis of tuberculosis with high specificity remains difficult. Tissue microscopy after special staining is often negative and when mycobacteria are seen, it is impossible to distinguish Mycobacterium tuberculosis from non tuberculous mycobacterial disease. Reliance on culture, the mainstay of diagnosis, often leads to considerable delays, compromising patient care and outcomes. Evidence from 138 studies published before 2008 suggested that nucleic acid amplification technologies could not replace conventional mycobacterial tests (microscopy, culture) for diagnosing pulmonary and, especially, extra pulmonary tuberculosis

Major Research Aim: To study novel molecular diagnostics and the pharmacokinetic variability among a spectrum of TB disease states, including severe forms of TB like disseminated TB, TB meningitis and drug resistant TB, among adults and children from multiple international sites.

Sweat proteins are analysed to investigate differences in protein markers in patients with acute tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases (pneumonia, Bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) and healthy individuals. Differences in sweat protein markers in patients with positive and negative tuberculosis Enzyme-linked-immuno-Spot (EliSpot) are investigated. Differences in sweat protein markers in the course of treatment in patients receiving tuberculostatic therapy are investigated.

The study will use the VereMTB tool for rapid diagnosis of TB or non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary infections in hospitalised patients, with positive results in acid-fast bacilli smears, which are emerging in many regions of the world.

This study is a retrospective cohort study. The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical features of the patients with the cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and endobronchial TB from the patients who have been registered in this hospital for treatment and follow-up, as part of the "PPM Project (Private-Public Mix project) for Korean National Tuberculosis Control" introduced in Korea since 2007.

Study the prevalence of LTBI in patients who are waiting renal transplant and monitor the incidence of active TB

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is steadily increasing world-wide, urging for the need of improved treatment strategies. In order to protect the few available drugs that are left, ensuring adequate plasma concentrations of the drugs are important. Individualized therapy using plasma drug concentrations and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination may be of importance (1). The plasma drug concentrations and the MICs of the second-line drugs will be compared, aiming at increasing the knowledge about pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices in the treatment of MDR-TB. In the future, the aim is an individualised therapy, where sub-therapeutic drug concentrations can be adjusted by the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM in the treatment of MDR-TB may improve clinical outcome for the patients, but plasma concentrations must be assessed together with clinical and microbiological factors (2). In this observational study the hypothesis is that the ratio between drug concentrations and MICs of the anti-tuberculous drugs, are correlated to the time to sputum culture conversion, the bacterial load measured as time to positive liquid culture (TTP) and clinical outcome. Consenting adult patients with pulmonary MDR-TB patients in China will be recruited. MIC-determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis will be performed in BACTEC 960 MGIT and drug concentration will be determined at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), simultaneously assessing Dried Blood Spot (DBS) as a bio-sampling method. Sputum cultures will be obtained regularly throughout the treatment to measure the time to culture positivity (TTP). Clinical follow up according to WHO criteria will be performed at the end of treatment completion.

The objective is to achieve 90% overall, positive and negative clinical concordance between results of the T-SPOT.TB assay, using cells isolated via density gradient centrifugation and positive selection using the T-Cell Select kit, between 0-55 hours following venepuncture

Bronchiectasis was described in the early 19th century by Laennec. Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition characterized by permanent and irreversible dilatation of the bronchial airways and impairment of mucociliary transport mechanism due to repeated infection and inflammation leading to colonization of organism and pooling of the mucus in the bronchial tree