Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

The purpose of this study is to see if involving community health workers improves tuberculosis case finding and treatment outcome.

This study is designed as a cluster-randomized trial. The cluster unit is at the community level. Communities will be randomized to 1 of 2 study arms: DOTS+ACF or DOTS. Communities in the DOTS+ACF arm will receive door-to-door symptom screening of the entire population by health care workers between 2 and 4 times over a 9-month period. Those communities in the DOTS-arm will receive the current standard of care in those communities (PCF). All study communities will be receiving between 4 and 6 visits by community health workers annually as part of a program to assess and follow-up illnesses in each household. Households with ill residents will be visited more often. The intervention for this study is simply adding 3 to 5 simple questions to the current protocol. For subjects responding positively to these questions, results will be returned to the subject at their home and routine, standard of care follow-up diagnostic and treatment algorithms will be followed.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of Quantiferon-TB Gold (QFT-G) assay in the screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in rheumatologic patients due to start or on treatment with TNFα antagonists. The results of QFT-G will be compared to tuberculin skin testing (TST) and correlated to clinical and demographic data. The study hypothesis is that the inclusion of QTF-G in the screening strategy will allow a more accurate assessment of LTBI infection.

The tuberculin skin test (TST) has been the gold standard for diagnosing latent tuberculosis for almost 100 years. While this test performs reasonably well in healthy, non-bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated populations, it is believed to perform less well in patients who do not have intact cellular immune systems (immunocompromised). The investigators hypothesize that a new test, the T-SPOT TB ELISPOT test will provide a more accurate measurement of latent infection in immunocompromised people. This study will compare the TST to the T-SPOT TB ELISPOT test, and to the results of an expert physician diagnostic panel.

PRIMARY: To estimate the proportion of tuberculosis patients in the CPCRA who have drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and to describe the patterns of drug resistance. SECONDARY: To compare drug resistance data on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates of HIV-infected patients to those of HIV-uninfected patients who are being followed in the CPCRA. To assess the relationship of resistance data with geographic, demographic, and HIV and TB risk factor information. Geographic areas and demographic subgroups affected by the TB epidemic appear to be congruent and associated with the concurrent HIV epidemic. The total number of CPCRA patients who will develop, or who have experienced, confirmed TB is unknown. It is critical to determine the depth and breadth of the current problem of drug-resistant TB.

This study will evaluate the performance of the VIDAS® Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (TB-IGRA) assay, which is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. This study is designed to assess (1) the sensitivity of this assay, (2) its percent agreement with other diagnostic tests, (3) its measurement precision , and (4) any potential interference of the presence of other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial bacterial infections with this assay.

This is a prospective, multicentre cohort study in which the accuracy and the diagnostic yield of the FujiLAM test will be assessed using a microbiological reference standard, an extended microbiological reference standard and a composite reference standard among inpatient and outpatient people living with HIV (PLHIV).

India has the highest incidence of and mortality from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) globally. Vitamin D status may be an important determinant of MDR-TB infection and treatment outcomes; however, observational evidence is insufficient to support its use as an adjunct therapy or prophylaxis. Using a case-control design, this study will evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and active MDR-TB disease among adult outpatient pulmonary MDR-TB cases, household contact controls, and matched controls from the general population (non-household controls) in Mumbai, India. This study will also evaluate the cross-sectional association between vitamin D status and TB infection among household contact controls and non-household controls, and collect formative data in preparation for future randomized controlled trials of vitamin D in MDR-TB prevention and treatment in India.

The primary objective of this clinical research study is to demonstrate performance of the normalized TB specific lymphocyte response in identifying patients with active TB disease. The secondary exploratory objective is to demonstrate that active TB cannot be identified using an antigen-to-mitogen ratio derived from an ELISA-based IGRA.

determination if time-to-detection in cultures of M. tuberculosis samples is more discriminating than acid-fast staining in transmission