Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

HIV infection highly increases the risk of progression of latent tuberculosis (TB) to active disease that therapy is recommended for all PPD-positive, HIV-infected patients, regardless of age. Sensitivity of the PPD testing is, however, dependent on a normal T cell function. Therefore, an accurate and reliable method for detection of latent tuberculosis in patients with HIV is urgently needed. This prospective study will examine the utility of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) based assay, T-SPOT.TB,for detection of TB in HIV-infected individuals.

The Principle objective of this study is To evaluate the performance of NRA, NRA-p and REMA-p for the detection of M. tuberculosis complex from sputum samples from adult pulmonary TB suspects in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting, using LJ and MGIT culture as gold standard. The Secondary objectives are: To measure the performance of each assay (NRA, NRA-p, REMA-p) in sputum smear-negative patients To describe the results of the colorimetric methods in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients To assess the time to detection of both NRA/NRA-p, REMA-p methods. To evaluate the feasibility of the NRA, NRA-p, REMA-p methods. To determine the rate of contamination of the NRA, NRA-p and REMA-p assays. To evaluate the proportion and the clinical relevance of NTM among TB suspects in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting. To provide capacity building for TB diagnosis in Mbarara.

The investigators think that the health care workers who contact frequently with active tuberculosis patients have more increased prevalence of LTBI compared with those who don't.

The purpose of this study is to test whether a saline nebulization (breathing in a mist of moist air through a mask) will help an individual cough up a better sputum sample to test for tuberculosis (TB). In addition, this study will test whether samples obtained with saline nebulization are better at finding TB in people with HIV infection. The study will enroll up to 600 individuals, aged 12 and older, with suspected pulmonary TB. Participants will be asked to cough up a sample of sputum into a container. Then, participants will be asked to breathe a mist of moist air from an oxygen mask followed by moist salty air, which will help individuals to cough up a second sputum sample. This mist of moist air will contain salbutamol, a medicine to help open up the airways. The sputum samples will be sent to a laboratory to test for TB. Additionally, participants will be tested for HIV with a blood sample collection. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for up to 61 days.

This study aims to compare the performance of the tuberculin skin test, used for more than 50 years as a diagnostic tool for latent tuberculosis infection, with 2 blood tests which have recently become commercially available (Interferon-gamma release assays) in a population of immunosuppressed individuals with chronic renal failure undergoing long term hemodialysis

N-acetyltransferase2 (NAT2) and Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) are two drug metabolizing enzymes. Antituberculosis drug isoniazid is acetylated by NAT2 and forms ultimately a nontoxic compound which is metabolized by CYP2E1 to a toxic metabolite. Slow acetylator genotype of NAT2 and wild type genotype of CYP2E1 gene has been attributed to greater toxicity of ATT drug. Therefore this study has been designed to analyze the genetic polymorphism of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes in tuberculosis patients who developed drug induced hepatitis upon administration of antituberculosis drug.Polymorphism study of NAT2 and CYP2E1 gene may help in predicting the high risk group of ATT induced hepatitis.

The Pulmonary Colonization Test is a non-invasive breath test for markers of lower respiratory tract infection, which may predict the probability of mycobacterial organisms in the lower respiratory tract. It consists of: A breath collection apparatus for collection of volatile organic compounds in breath onto a sorbent trap and Tedlar bag, as well as for the collection of a separate sample of room air. Analysis of the volatile organic compounds in breath and room air by short acoustic wave/gas chromatography. Interpretation of the volatile organic compounds with a proprietary algorithm in order to predict the probability of lower respiratory tract colonization and infection. Analysis of the volatile organic compounds in sputum culture by short acoustic wave/gas chromatography. This study will test the hypothesis that the investigators can identify the presence of mycobacteria in an individual by sampling the breath of patients with active tuberculosis and by sampling "head space" above culture media of sputum provided. This study will test the hypotheses: that the investigators can identify positive cultures for mycobacterium tuberculosis through sampling of the headspace above the cultures prior to standard laboratory culture identification that the investigators can identify control of tuberculosis by sampling exhaled breath

Prospective data collection of all patients with microbiologically proven mycobacteria tuberculosis infection treated at Singapore General Hospital.

All patients who were alive at the end of the dexamethasone treatment trial conducted by Oxford University CLinical Research Unit from 2001-2005 (n=340) will be eligible to participate in this long-term follow-up study. All eligible and consenting patients will undergo an assesment consisting of a simple questionnaire, a clinical examination and a blood test. Data collected will focus on survival, neurological disability and tuberculosis relapse. Data will be collected in individual case record forms and entered into a computer database.

This study, conducted in Korea, will examine why some people are more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) than others and why some strains of M tuberculosis (the bacteria that causes TB) are more difficult to treat or become resistant to drug treatments. The study will compare blood samples and other medical information from patients with different kinds of tuberculosis and with healthy volunteers to identify patient and bacterial characteristics that contribute to disease susceptibility, treatment failure, disease recurrence and multi-drug resistance. Healthy volunteers and patients with tuberculosis who are 20 years of age or older may be eligible for this study. Subjects are recruited from among patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis at the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital in the Republic of Korea and from healthy people visiting government health care centers for annual medical checkups. The latter include people who have had TB but are cured; people who have been exposed to TB, but currently have no signs of disease; and those who have not been exposed to TB. Participants with tuberculosis undergo the following tests and procedures: Medical history, including past treatments for TB, and review of medical records Interview about home and work Sputum collection to test for the kind of TB bacteria present and for genetic studies of the bacteria Drug treatment for TB Blood draws as part of regular patient care, for HIV testing, and for genetic studies Chest x-rays as part of routine patient care In patients with recurrent disease, examination of the strains from both bouts of disease to determine if it is a recurrence of the same organism or infection with a new strain. Healthy volunteers undergo the following tests and procedures: Brief medical history Blood draw to look for exposure to TB and for genetic studies Review of previous x-ray to look for active TB