Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

The purpose of this study is to assess the early bacterial activity (EBA) from day 0 to day 14 of Astra Zeneca Drug (AZD5847) at four different doses and schedules (500 mg once daily, 500 mg twice daily, 1200 mg once daily, and 800 mg twice daily) in subjects with newly-diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB. A total of 75 subjects will be enrolled, with 15 randomized to each AZD5847 study arm or standard treatment with Rifafour. Duration of drug treatment is 14 days.

Vitamin D exerts its effects via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) present in activated macrophages and induces expression and release of the cathelicidin, LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide involved in killing of MTB. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients for 2 months with adjunctive PBA and vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) in combination with standard DOTS therapy (i) can improve response to standard short course TB therapy towards a rapid recovery; (ii) can induce expression of LL-37 in macrophages; (iii) can enhance killing capacity of macrophages isolated from TB patients infected in vitro with MTB; and (iv) does not evoke any adverse effects.

Pharmacokinetic study in TB patients to determine the effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin.

This study will determine the differential cumulative mean number of isoniazid (INH) pills completed over 9 to 12 months for adolescents assigned to one of the following two groups: 1) peer adherence coaching, parent training, and self-esteem/life skills counseling; or 2) self-esteem/life skills counseling alone. The study will also estimate the costs and cost effectiveness of peer adherence coaching versus control procedures; this will be done from a provider and societal perspective.

Compared to adults, children appear to require higher weight-based doses of rifapentine to acheive comparable drug levels. TBTC Study 26, a study of the effectiveness and tolerability of weekly rifapentine/isoniazid for three months versus daily isoniazid for nine months for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, has been amended to include children ages 2-11 based on an initial single-dose study and pharmacokinetic modeling. Study 26PK evaluates the adequacy of the doses chosen for young children enrolled in Study 26 with a single blood draw, 24 hours after the third or subsequent weekly Study 26 dose of rifapentine and isoniazid. An adult control is enrolled for each child enrolled.

Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection common in HIV infected people, is a major problem in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of a combined treatment strategy using directly observed therapy (DOT) for HIV infected patients with TB. Participants will be recruited from resource-poor communities in Durban, South Africa.

Randomized, double-blind study of the tolerability of three different doses of rifapentine

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that can affect the lungs and other parts of the body. The usual way to treat TB is to take 4 medicines by mouth every day for 2 months, then take 2 of the same medicines for 4 more months, for a total of 6 months. The purpose of this study is to see if taking 4 months of TB medicines is as effective in curing some TB patients as taking 6 months of TB medicines. Study participants will include 758 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-non-infected individuals, ages 18-60. Participants will be treated with 4 standard drugs called isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. All individuals will take TB medicines for at least 4 months. After 4 months of treatment, if no TB germs are growing in sputum samples, participants will be assigned to either stop taking TB medicine (4 months of treatment) or to continue taking TB drugs for 2 more months (6 months of treatment). Participants will be involved in study procedures for up to 30 months.

To demonstrate, in patients with tubercular or nontubercular mycobacterium infections with or without HIV infection, the safety of thalidomide use as judged by symptoms, physical exam, and studies of microbiologic, immunologic, hematologic, renal, and hepatic status. To demonstrate efficacy of the drug as judged by status of fever, nutrition, tuberculosis lesions, and immune responses.

This study is a placebo-controlled factorial study, randomized to study drug (moxifloxacin vs. ethambutol) and treatment frequency (daily vs. thrice weekly after an initial two weeks of daily therapy) during the first two months of standard treatment (with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) for sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.