Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among HIV-infected persons in low-income settings and can be a serious complication for HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants. Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) is effective in preventing TB infection in HIV-infected adults, but the safety of IPT in pregnant women is unknown. This study evaluated the safety of IPT among HIV-infected pregnant women.

The investigators select 500 subjects who meet the standard and are considered as study population I. Do specific gamma-interferon detection before the skin test， then inject intradermally with two dosage ESAT6-CFP10 and Tuberculin purified protein derivative (TB-PPD) at different arm of the same subject and get 192 participants whose three kinds of detection result are all negative and are considered as study population II.Then,they are immune to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine or the placebo of the BCG. Do specific gamma-interferon detection before the skin test， then inject intradermally with two dosage ESAT6-CFP10 and TB-PPD at different arm of the same subject 12 weeks after immunity.Negative rate of ESAT6-CFP10 after vaccination BCG as the main index , evaluate the specificity of different doses of ESAT6-CFP10, and conform the optimal dose of ESAT6-CFP10.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic utility and impact on patient outcomes of an automated PCR (Gene Xpert® MTB/RIF), in a group of patients with suspected pulmonary TB who are mechanically ventilated in ICU, using tracheal aspirates. Hypothesis: Gene Xpert is an accurate tool for the diagnosis of TB in the Intensive Care Unit and will impact on rates of treatment initiation and hospital stay.

The impact of neurological disorders is enormous worldwide, and it is increased in poor settings, due to lack of diagnosis and treatment facilities as well as delayed management. In sub-Saharan Africa, the few observational studies conducted for the past 20 years show that neurological disorders accounted for 7 to 24% of all admissions. Central nervous system (CNS) infections were suspected in one third of all patients admitted with neurological symptoms, with a specific microbial aetiology identified in half of these. Most CNS infections may be considered as "severe and treatable diseases", e.g. human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), cerebral malaria, bacterial meningitis, CNS tuberculosis etc. If left untreated, death or serious sequels occur (mortality rates were as high as 30% in the above mentioned studies), but the outcome may be favourable with timely and appropriate management. In poor settings, such conditions should be targeted in priority in the clinical decision-making process. Unfortunately, most neuro-infections present with non-specific symptoms in their early stages, leading to important diagnostic delays. Moreover, they require advanced diagnostic technology, which is not available in most tropical rural settings: here, you have to rely on clinical judgment and first-line laboratory results, whose confirming or excluding powers are limited or unknown. Several rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been recently developed for conditions like malaria or HIV, but their diagnostic contribution has not been evaluated within a multi-disease approach. Thus, this research aims at improving the early diagnosis of severe and treatable neglected and non-neglected infectious diseases which present with neurological symptoms in the province of Bandundu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), by combining classic clinical predictors with a panel of simple point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests. The evaluation of existing algorithms and elaboration/validation of new guidelines will be described in a subsequent protocol.

The purpose of this study is to provide safety and efficacy data for TMC207 and to demonstrate that TMC207 added to a background regimen (BR) is superior to treatment with the BR plus placebo.

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in healthy adult subjects of an investigational vaccine being developed for the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. The vaccine, identified as ID93 + GLA-SE, consists of the recombinant four-antigen Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant protein ID93 together with the adjuvant GLA-SE.

This pilot project is an evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of offering an economic reward, in the form of a shopping voucher, to the household contacts of index patients (outpatient drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB patients) who present at the study clinic for TB screening and optional HIV testing, providing a reward to the index patients for participating, and entering index patients whose contacts do present into a lottery to win a prize.The effectiveness of the intervention in screening a high proportion of contacts will be compared to existing published data from studies of active case-finding through home visits and of the status quo passive case finding. If successful, this pilot project will create a demand for screening among high risk patients, who will be rewarded for identifying themselves to the healthcare system, and could prove to be an affordable alternative to resource-intensive home visits. It will also shift responsibility for contact tracing from overburdened clinic staff to those who have the most to gain from early case detection-the patients and their families.

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of acquiring latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in school age children in Mongolia. The investigators hypothesize that (1) vitamin D supplementation will reduce risk of acquisition of LTBI, (2) vitamin D supplementation will safely reduce risk of developing active TB and improve other secondary efficacy outcomes, and (3) children with the lowest vitamin D status at baseline will gain most from the intervention.

Phase I/II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, immunogenicity and dose-range finding study of AERAS-404 Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine administered intramuscularly in Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) primed infants.

Boost vaccinations sometimes have no effect because the body has got used to the vaccine and no longer reacts to it. We are therefore investigating whether vaccinating with aerosolised MVA85A (a candidate tuberculosis vaccine) followed by a boost MVA85A intradermal vaccination (or vice versa) avoids this and increases the immune response to vaccination.