
MoMa Signature During Granulomatosis
SarcoidosisTuberculosisSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by unspecific granuloma formation. Our hypothesis is that granuloma formation and maintenance mainly relies on the overactivation of monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Ma). To this end, the study aims (i) to define MoMa systemic signature in sarcoidosis, (ii) to characterize this signature in situ on tissue samples, and (iii) to identify causative factors that participate to the MoMa chronic overactivation. Thus, a cohort of sarcoidosis patients will be compared with tuberculosis patients. The MoMa systemic signature will be defined on whole blood (TruCulture model) and then in situ through different methods (multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry, RNA-seq, Luminex, imaging mass cytometry). The epigenome of monocytes will be studied thanks to CUT&Tag. The MoMa systemic signature will be defined ex vivo at different time points during the course of the disease with phenotypic, transcriptomic, cytokine and functional approaches. The previously identified signature will be studied in situ and completed by the characterization of granuloma architecture and microenvironmental interactions, which could be modulated by epigenetic modifications. Hence, the epigenome of monocytes will be analyzed in two groups (sarcoidosis and tuberculosis). These results would allow to better understand sarcoidosis physiopathology and, in fine, may raise new therapeutic strategies. Finally, the study could challenge the dogma on innate immunity/auto-inflammation versus adaptive immunity/auto-immunity/memory.

Clinical Evaluation of the NanoDetect-TB Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection Kit for the Diagnosis...
TuberculosisPulmonary3 moreThe goal of this observational study is investigate the accuracy of the NanoDetect-TB kit in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) using frozen serum and plasma samples collected from individuals suspected to have TB disease. The main question[s] it aims to answer are: How does this investigational device compare to the gold standard for TB diagnosis of sputum culture? How does it compare to Acid-Fast Bacteria (AFB) smear microscopy and FDA-approved NAAT TB diagnostic assays? Participants will be asked to have blood drawn and provide demographic and medical data for this study in a single visit.

Tuberculosis Cohort Avicenne Hospital
TuberculosisPulmonaryTuberculosis represents the second highest death rate from an infectious disease in the world, just after COVID-19. The most affected department of France is Seine-Saint-Denis. Since 2005, this department with difficult socio-economic conditions has the highest incidence rate in metropolitan France, higher than that of Paris. In 2012, the reporting rate was 10 times higher among people born abroad compared to those born in France, with the highest rates found among people born in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is proposed to constitute for the first time in France a cohort of patients with tuberculosis disease to better understand the characteristics of patients with unfavorable treatment outcomes and ultimately, to propose solutions to obtain better control of tuberculosis. This study would recruit all patients with tuberculosis disease for at least 4 years associated with 1 year of follow-up for a total duration of the study of at least 5 years.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra
TuberculosisTo estimate diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults suspected to be infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, this study will estimate the pattern of rifampicin resistance among TB cases in Assiut population.

Health and Migration Trajectories of Housekeepers in Bamako
HIV InfectionsHepatitis B4 moreIn Mali, migration from rural zones is a cultural phenomenon existing since 1970. During the dry season (9 months), an important number of young women leave their villages and migrate towards urban zones to seek for a job. In Bamako, the estimated number of housekeepers is 100 000 coming from rural regions and aged between 11 and 19 years. The current healthcare offer seems to be non-adapted to their particularities. This is a community-based research constructed on the basis of the activities of two NGOs in Mali: ADDAD (association for the defense of the rights of Housekeepers and domestic helpers ) and ARCAD Santé PLUS (the main NGO for healthcare access for HIV, hepatitis, and sexual health services). The research is conducted by the SanteRCom team in the UMR1252 SESSTIM research unit. The main objective of this observational study is to study the knowledge, beliefs, behaviors and practices in terms of health in general, and sexual health in particular; and to assess the acceptability of an offer of community-based prevention and health services provided by ARCAD Santé PLUS integrated in the activities of ADDAD. The integrating of community-based healthcare offer in a familiar and reassuring framework, such as that of ADDAD, should promote access to health services among housekeepers. The research is organized in 3 stages: Preliminary qualitative survey based on focus group discussions. Allowing the identification of the housekeepers' needs in terms of prevention and healthcare services; and the behavioral particularities of the housekeepers community. It is planned to conduct 7 focus groups including between 42 and 56 housekeepers. Communication and awareness campaigns in the regions of origin of housekeepers. Campaigns will be constructed on the basis of the results obtained from the preliminary qualitative survey. Communication and awareness campaigns in Bamako; community-based activities for housekeepers will be organized 3 times per week during 5 months by the NGO ADDAD. Activities will include the community-based offer of prevention and healthcare services provided by the NGO ARCAD Santé PLUS, i.e. the novelty in the ADDAD's activities. A quantitative and qualitative surveys will be conducted over 5 months with participants recruited during the community-based activities. It is expected to enroll at least 1134 housekeepers, and to conduct a maximum of 25 individual interviews with selected housekeepers.

Start Taking Action For TB Diagnosis
DiagnosisTuberculosisGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. In 2020, an estimated 9.9 million people developed TB and 1.5 million died. Millions of people remain undiagnosed with TB, hindering efforts to end TB. TB tests have inadequate accuracy or performance characteristics for implementation across all populations and settings. None of the tests meet the WHO-Target-Product Profile for TB screening and most need specialized laboratory staff and infrastructure, making them unsuitable for primary health care (PHC). The overall aims for this project are to: Accelerate the introduction/adoption of TB diagnostic tools and test combinations at PHC, for the timely detection of TB and improved linkage to treatment Develop conditions for sustainable and equitable access to TB diagnostics tools and test combinations within PHC, Strengthen global alliances and national partnerships to enable scale-up. The study is split into two major Phases. This application is focused on Phase 1. Specific Phase 1 objectives are to: Evaluate the performance of selected TB diagnostic tools, and Identify TB test combinations that increase the proportion of people diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed TB. Methods in Brief: Activities will be conducted in Bangladesh, Brazil, Kenya, Cameroon, Malawi, Nigeria, and Vietnam. Each country will study selected priority populations at risk of TB, including adults attending PHC centers and district hospitals; people living with HIV (PLHIV); marginalized populations (internally displaced, refugees and pastoralists), and children. Activities within countries will use standardized protocols for evaluating diagnostic tests and combinations.

The Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of Tuberculosis-associated COPD
COPDChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still imposes a substantial health and economic burden worldwide. Pulmonary tuberculosis has been confirmed as an important risk factor for COPD and this specific phenotype is thereby named as "tuberculosis-associated COPD". Although it is a generally accepted concept, several relevant problems need to be addressed, including how to define this phenotype more precisely, what the clinical characteristics and prognosis are as well as which kind of pharmacologic intervention is optimal. In this study, tuberculosis-associated COPD patients (study group) and non-tuberculosis associated COPD patients (control group) are recruited. After collecting baseline information of participants, the investigators arrange for participants to follow up in the outpatient for reassessment with a scheduled interval of 6 months, which lasts for 1 year. Primary outcome of this study is the frequency of moderate/severe acute exacerbation of COPD during the follow-up of 12 months. By conducting a multicenter prospective cohort study in China, the researchers intend to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic predictors, explore plausible therapeutic regimens and promote precise diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis-associated COPD.

TuBerculosis Viability Interregional Study and Agreement on Biological Tests
TuberculosisPulmonaryThe objective of the present study is to confirm in a multicentric study the utility of our viability test in large cohort of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under treatment and to determine if the test could help physicians to discontinue isolation measures in hospital setting.

Intervention in the Management of Post-high Tuberculosis Hospital Through Educational Strategy and...
Pulmonary TuberculosisExtra Pulmonary TuberculosisBrazil ranks 17th among the 22 countries responsible for 80% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. In 2010, the number of new cases of tuberculosis in Brazil was 71,930 and in 4972 RS. In 2010, Brazil had a disease incidence of 37.6 / 100,000 in 2011 fell to 36.0 / 100,000. The Rio Grande do Sul(RS)S showed an incidence rate of 46.1 / 100,000 in 2011. The mortality rate was 2.4 / 100,000 population per year in Brazil and RS. In Porto Alegre, the incidence rate of all clinical forms of tuberculosis has remained, in the last six years, around 100/100.000 inhabitants per year, while the coefficient of pulmonary tuberculosis remained on average 50/100.000 inhabitants to year. Thus, Porto Alegre holds the 2nd place in Brazil among the capitals with the highest incidence of TB, classifying the city as high risk 5th. Porto Alegre also has a co-infection TB / HIV from 35.3% one of the highest in the country. The best strategy to prevent new cases of tuberculosis is to invest in early diagnosis and effective treatment of existing cases of the disease. As the treatment of the disease requires daily use of medications for an extended period of time (at least 6 months), adherence becomes the main determinant of the rate of healing of disease. There are several factors that contribute to poor adherence and treatment dropout: alcoholism, illicit drug use, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus), low education, unemployment, poor housing and prolonged the treatment. The irregular treatment and neglect are the major obstacles to the control and elimination of this disease. Study in Porto Alegre pointed alcoholism, TB / HIV, the fact that the patient does not reside with family and low education as predictors of dropout. The dropout rate in the general population of patients with active tuberculosis was 10.7% (8.0% - 17.0%). Abandonment occurred more often within the first three meses8. In Porto Alegre, 32.5% of new TB cases are diagnosed in hospitals. Twenty percent of these patients do not bind, after discharge, the Tuberculosis Control Program (TCP), ie, the patient egress from the hospital does not reach the basic health unit (BHU) reference for further monitoring and treatment, which is considered a serious flaw in the process control of the disease.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Rifabutin 150 mg Once Daily Versus Rifabutin 300 mg Thrice Weekly...
HIVTuberculosisTo describe the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin 150 mg once daily versus rifabutin 300 mg thrice weekly in combination with LPV/r 400/100mg based HAART in HIV/TB infected patients