Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

In this study, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) in Karachi, Pakistan is evaluating the impact of Interactive Reminders on drug compliance and treatment outcomes. Interactive Reminders is an interactive SMS reminder system to help patients remember to take their TB medication. In this system, patients receive daily SMS reminders for the duration of their treatment at a pre-specified time, reminding them to take their medication. Patients are asked to reply back to the system, either through SMS or a missed call, with the time they took their medicine that day. If a response is not received within two hours, a second reminder is sent. If a response is still not received in a further two hours, a third and final reminder for the day is sent. Non-responsive patients are followed up with phone calls and a list of non-responsive patients is shared with clinics based on the parameters of non-responsiveness that they specify. IRD seeks to determine the impact of this system on treatment outcomes and compliance to prescribed medication through administering a randomized control trial among newly diagnosed TB patients in Karachi, Pakistan.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy, diagnostic yield, operational performance, and time to diagnosis of a novel lateral-flow urine LAM test in detecting tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults. A secondary study objective is to evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic yield of the Cepheid Xpert MTB/Rif test in detecting tuberculosis in the blood of HIV-infected adults.

The development of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has improved the safety and diagnostic accuracy of the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) sampling. Still, in some diseases routine cytological specimens are considered insufficient and histological sampling is preferred. The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA and two other, more invasive procedures to obtain histological samples from MLN in patients with clinical and radiological features of sarcoidosis. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), EBUS-TBNA, EBUS guided transbronchial forceps biopsy (EBUS-TBFB), large bore (19G) histology TBNA as well as endobronchial forceps biopsy will be performed in 90 consecutive patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement and clinical and radiological features of sarcoidosis. Diagnostic accuracy of each sampling technique will be calculated and compared to other techniques. Diagnostic yield of different technique combinations will also be calculated and the most efficient diagnostic approach will be defined.

Background: - Lymphatic filariasis is an infection that is caused by small, thread-like worms. It is spread by mosquitoes, and causes fever, chills, and headaches. If untreated, it can also cause elephantiasis, a condition that leads to swelling of the arms, legs, breasts, and scrotum. Treatment can eliminate the worms from the blood and reduce the risk of developing elephantiasis. Researchers want to study people with latent tuberculosis (TB) who may or may not be infected with filariasis. This study will look at the way that people with latent TB fight infection with these worms. Objectives: - To study how the immune systems of people with latent TB react to filarial infection. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 65 years of age who have latent TB and may or may not have filarial infection. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will provide a blood and stool sample to test for infection. Participants who do not have lymphatic filariasis but have another kind of intestinal worm will be treated for the parasite. This will be their last study visit. Participants who have latent TB and lymphatic filariasis will be treated with the standard treatment for the disease. They will come back for a second visit 6 months later, and will provide another blood sample.

At correctional facilities in Zambia and South Africa, a cross-sectional study design will be used to characterize the full continuum of integrated HIV/TB care under Treatment as Prevention (TasP), and will enrich this approach by: 1) using individual-level cohort data for HIV-infected inmates to assess ART uptake under TasP/Universal Test and Treat (UTT), as well as 6-month virological suppression and retention in care for inmates initiating ART; and 2) mixed methods to identify health-system, corrections-related socio-cultural and individual-inmate barriers to and facilitators of TasP/UTT to refine TasP implementation; and 3) conducting a retrospective chart review using routine data from Ministry of Health registers to reconstruct an approximate HIV and TB cascade for all inmates (HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected) at 3 and 12 months into TasP/UTT implementation.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most important infectious disease in the world. Preventive treatment plays an important role in successful control of TB. The investigators' previous study showed a 3-month weekly rifapentine and isoniazid regimen had a high protective efficacy but an unsatisfactory completion rate. Therefore, the investigators suppose that a one-month (12-dose) regimen of rifapentine and isoniazid (1RPT/INH) to be equivalent to a 3-month weekly rifapentine and isoniazid regimen with similar efficacy and higher completion rate. Relevant study is lacking in China where the TB burden is high with the incidence rate of 70/100, 000. Silicosis is a risk factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This is an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 1RPT/INH to prevent tuberculosis (TB) compared with those who do not receive preventive treatment among silicotic patients.

This is a randomized, open-label, cross-over study comparing the bioequivalence of bedaquiline administered in whole tablet form versus bedaquiline administered in crushed (experimental) form in healthy adult volunteers.

This is a retrospective clinical study to analyze the clinical characteristics, complications, and effects of different treatment options on long-term prognosis in patients with central nervous system tuberculosis. All cases of central nervous system tuberculosis diagnosed between 2016 and 2021 were included in the electronic medical record system of one center, and data such as demographics, hospitalization information, clinical information, laboratory or imaging examinations, treatment plans, and outcomes were collected.

The World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Programme (WHO-GTB) issues evidence-informed guideline recommendations on tuberculosis (TB). These recommendations are used by decision-makers, guideline developers and other stakeholders. In an effort to improve the accessibility and usability of these recommendations, a new eTB catalogue of recommendations has been developed. This study aims to compare the accessibility of the new eTB catalogue to the earlier method of accessing recommendations directed through the general WHO website.

Higher doses of rifampicin as a means of more efficient use of this pivotal TB drug has shown promising results and might become standard in future. This means that higher doses of rifampicin will be co-administered with many other drugs taken by TB patients, including anti-retroviral, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular and other drugs. Therefore, in this study the aim is to quantitatively assess the drug interaction potential of high dose rifampicin (~40 mg/kg daily dose, the currently available maximum tolerated dose) with respect to five major human drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes and P-gp in comparison to the conventional dose of 10 mg/kg daily in pulmonary TB patients. A phenotyping approach with single administration of several selective substrates for multiple enzymes will be used, in order to prevent multiple drug-drug interaction studies.