Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) To investigate and compare the effect of two preventive interventions on readmission rates, loss of functions, quality of life and cost-benefit.

Malnutrition affects 50% of hospitalized patients around the world and causes changes in respiratory muscles predisposing the development of pulmonary complications probable, because of the ineffectiveness of cough. How the training of respiratory muscles can improve the effectiveness of cough, malnourished patients could benefit from this train however, the training of the muscles in malnourished patients has not been tested for safety or efficiency. So, the aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficiency of respiratory muscle training to improve the potency of cough in malnourished patients.

Chronic malnutrition is associated with lack of effective gut immunity which is a possible explanation for why we see polio cases among a proportion of children who have received 7 or more doses of OPV.Our proposed idea is to evaluate if IPV antigen given later in life may act together to boost humoral and mucosal immunity in children belonging to low-income background in Karachi who have moderate to severe chronic malnutrition (height for age Z score less than -2SD). We also intend to compare eIPV + OPV with OPV only in non-malnourished infants at 9 -12 month of age. Thus, the proposed study is a combination of two trials, with study population stratified by nutritional status, each with a reference arm (bOPV) and an experimental arm (bOPV plus IPV).

This randomized, controlled effectiveness study examines Nutributter programming within an integrated package of maternal and child health services offered by Haiti's Ministry of Health (MSPP) to prevent undernutrition among young children in Haiti. The aim of the process evaluation is to better understand the uptake of Nutributter® as a complementary food in the diets of young children and its feasibility and acceptability as part of MSPP's package of services. This project is being carried out at a public hospital in Fort San Michel, an impoverished community outside of Cap Haitien, Haiti.

School feeding programs provide students meals conditional on school attendance, which can have impacts on school participation, cognition and learning, and nutritional outcomes. Although the literature on impacts of school feeding programs is substantial, high quality studies with evaluation designs that provide causal impact estimates are relatively few. Thus program impacts on educational, cognitive and nutritional outcomes are not well-understood, particularly in a field setting. Nutritional impacts in particular are questionable, which may be a result program design. Most studies provide only small transfers to children and examine average macro-nutrient effects of the transfer on the treated children, thus it is not surprising that detection of nutritional gains has been minimal. This study is a cluster-randomized evaluation of a school feeding program administered by the World Food Programme in the Northern Ugandan Districts of Lira and Pader. The program provides substantially larger food rations than most programs (representing 1/3 of children's daily caloric needs and 99% of iron intake requirements). The key research objectives are: Impact on the treated: Assess the effectiveness of the program at improving nutritional status, education and cognitive and learning outcomes for school-age children, with particular attention to the anemia status of older school-age girls . Impact on untreated but nutritionally vulnerable sub-groups: Assess the effectiveness of the program at reducing anemia prevalence in mothers and younger siblings. Optimal program design: Assess the differential impacts of a program in which children are fed at school compared with one in which they are given dry rations to bring home.

Two in every three infants in rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) suffer from stunting of linear growth by 12 months of age. Stunting presumably results from breast milk supplementation after 6 months of age with complementary foods (CF) that provide inadequate protein and micronutrients. Although supplementation with selected micronutrients may avoid certain deficiency states, CF with animal source foods may be necessary to avoid stunting. Meat is not readily available in many Central African countries. However caterpillars, which are locally available and abundant, are a common staple in adult diets and may be a suitable substitute for animal source proteins in CF. The investigators developed a cereal made from dried caterpillars that has a nutrient content that appears to be ideal for CF. Maternal and infant acceptability will be evaluated in 20 mothers and their 8 month old infants. The investigators hypothesize that this cereal will be accepted by both mothers and infants: acceptability will be based on a priori definitions.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an infant feeding intervention in improving growth and anemia outcomes among HIV-exposed infants 6-12 months of age.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether young children receiving Vitamin A and Zinc supplements will have a lower incidence of symptomatic malaria than similar children receiving vitamin A supplements alone.

A study conducted by IFPRI in Haiti provided the first programmatic evidence, using a cluster randomized evaluation design, that preventing child undernutrition in children under two years of age (PM2A) through an integrated program providing food rations, BCC and preventive health and nutrition services is both feasible and highly effective. The study's principal aim was to compare a newly designed preventive approach with the traditional (recuperative) food assisted MCHN program approach, and therefore included only two comparison groups: one group of communities that was randomly assigned to the preventive approach and another group assigned to the recuperative approach. For logistical and financial reasons, the study did not include a randomized control group receiving no intervention. The Haiti study design was well-suited to achieve its main goal - i.e. to test whether the preventive approach was more effective than the recuperative approach at preventing child undernutrition - but it left a number of questions unanswered. The present study will address several of these questions, which will allow to further refine the PM2A approach, facilitate its replication in different contexts, and maximize its impact and cost-effectiveness in future programming. The study will be conducted in Guatemala and Burundi. The key research objectives are: Impact and cost effectiveness: Assess the impact and cost effectiveness of PM2A on child nutritional status. Optimal composition and size of food rations in PM2A: Assess the differential and absolute impact of varying the size and types of foods incorporated in the food ration of the PM2A. More specifically, assess the differential effect of different sizes of family food rations, and assess the impact of substituting the individual food ration with new micronutrient-rich products such as lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or micronutrient Sprinkles. Optimal timing and duration of PM2A: Assess the differential and absolute impact of varying the timing and duration of exposure to PM2A on child nutritional status.

To investigate the effects of an individualized nutritional intervention programs (iNIPs) on nutritional status and readmission rate in older adults with pneumonia during hospitalization and 3 and 6 months after discharge.