Active clinical trials for "Virus Diseases"

Among patients with thunderclap headache who were admitted to the four participating hospitals, who has diffuse segmental vasoconstriction on CT angiography or MR angiography will be eligible for the study. Participants who meet the definition of RCVS will be enrolled as the case-patients and others will be enrolled as control-patients. The RCVS group will be defined when two or more neurologists agree by the clinical features and angiographic findings. The result of tests for varicella zoster virus titer will not be opened to neurologists until the end of the study. For case and control patients, tests for varicella zoster virus infection are (1) Pre-existing virological markers (ex. VZV-IgG, IgM, and VZV PCR in CSF or Skin lesion if present) (2) VZV-specific cell mediated immune response (CMI) at the time of admission and one month later (3) VZV in blood measured by quantitative test of viral load with real-time PCR and digital PCR for latent viral load (4) Quantitative test of viral load with real-time PCR in saliva at time of admission and one month later. Reactivation or infection of VZV of patients with RCVS and controls will be compared.

In summary, in this project the investigators propose to study the proviral DNA genotyping to implement a lower cost and wider than the commercial systems currently in use, in order to analyze all HIV genes that are therapeutic targets of antiretroviral drugs. Using HIV proviral DNA we can obtain information for: HIV-1 Viral Tropism, Mutations associated to Integrase Inhibitors, Mutations associated to Transcriptase reverse Inhibitors, Mutations associated to Protease Inhibitors, and Mutations associated to GP41 Inhibitors. Along with this the investigators propose to validate the proviral DNA as starting material for genotyping which is independent of the patient's viral load and achieve a greater number of patients living with HIV have access to this important test that is essential in monitoring the HIV infection. 3.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONs Is proviral DNA a genetic compartment suitable for carrying out a genotypic resistance test in patients with low or undetectable viral load? Does proviral DNA have the same clinical validity that RNA? 3.3.- HYPOTHESIS A resistance genotyping test carried out by Proviral DNA detects the same mutations associated to resistance that viral RNA. 3.4.- OBJECTIVES: General/Specific General objective Develop a methodology to assess the proviral HIV-1 DNA or RNA as the genetic material for genotyping assays in genes that are targets of pharmacological interest as TR reverse transcriptase and protease (PRO), Integrase or GP41 Inhibitors and HIV tropism. Specific Objectives 1. Carry out genotyping by proviral DNA and compare it with the same genes genotyping performed with viral RNA. 2. Once the correlation between proviral DNA and RNA has shown, standardize a method to use the technique for clinical use in monitoring HIV patients according to each patient's needs. RNA for patients with viral load above 1,000 copies/mL. Proviral DNA for patients with low or undetectable viral load.

Passive transplacental immunity against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) appears to mediate infant protection during the first 6 months of life (1). Observations of environmental exposure in pregnant women during an RSV epidemic could influence these children's susceptibility to infection by offering levels of antibodies that are transferred to the fetus. However, there is no prospective study in the population at risk such as children with congenital heart disease, as well as the effective levels of anti-RSV immunoglobulin G (IgG) as protective biomarkers for RSV infection after delivery (2) Justification The most serious evolution of the clinical disease of acute RSV bronchiolitis in children under 6 months of age is related to lower exposure of the pregnant woman to the RSV epidemic. With maternal immunization through natural exposure, it is logical to relate protection to children for severe RSV disease. However, it is not proven (3). - Nandapalan N, Taylor CE, Greenwell J, et al. Seasonal variations in maternal serum and mammary immunity to RS virus. J Med Virol. 1986;20(1):79-87. doi:10.1002/jmv.1890200110 - Stensballe LG, Ravn H, Kristensen K, Meakins T, Aaby P, Simoes EA. Seasonal variation of maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and association with infant hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus. J Pediatr. 2009;154(2):296-298. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.053 - Ramos-Fernández JM, et al. Does exposure of pregnant women to epidemic respiratory syncytial virus affect the severity of bronchiolitis? Enferm Infec Microbiol Clin. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2018.07.002)

Given the magnitude of the epidemic in Puerto Rico, congenital Zika virus infection may have devastating complications to a significant population of children, also affecting families and society at large. This proposal takes a critical first step to ensuring that children with exposure to congenital Zika virus infection receive the follow-up care they need for optimal clinical outcomes. We anticipate that lessons learned from this study may also positively impact models for adherence to early intervention services in Puerto Rico.

Viral infections are an important complication of transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy interferes with T cell immunity resulting in a high incidence of viral infection. Newer agents, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and sirolimus, have been associated with an increased risk of herpes virus infection. The introduction of these more potent immunosuppressive agents over the past decade correlates with an increase in the rate of hospitalizations of transplant patients with infections. This prospective study will determine the role of sub-clinical herpes virus infections in the development of complications such as chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD). By focusing on treatable herpes virus infections, these studies have the potential to identify therapeutic strategies that can be used to diminish the burden of graft loss from CAN, significantly improving renal allograft survival and quality of life in transplant patients. Future specific interventions to test the hypothesis of a direct causal relationship between sub-clinical herpes virus infection and CAN may include the use of anti-viral therapy in response to sub-clinical infection of the renal allograft and/or peripheral blood.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem, which may lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, treatment with peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin has become the standard of care for patients with chronic hepatitis C. While genotype 2 patients can have higher sustained virologic response (SVR) rates to 80-90%, genotype 1 patients generally have low SVR rates of only 40-50%. In contrast, genotype 1 Taiwanese patients have superior SVR rates than those in Western countries. Despite the overall improved response to this combination therapy, more than 75% of patients suffer from treatment-related adverse events and the costs remain high, which make individualized therapy of paramount importance to maximize treatment response and minimize adverse events. HCV viral kinetics with interferon-based therapies have been studied recently to evaluate patient responses. Early viral kinetics shown to have favorable SVR rates, which make shorter treatment duration possible. However, different viral kinetics were found through ethnicity. Recently, a pilot study to evaluate the viral kinetics of 6 Taiwanese patients with HCV infection who received peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin therapy has shown superior early viral kinetics to those in Caucasian patients. Based on the favorable SVR rates in treating Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis C, the investigators aimed to conduct a large confirmatory study to evaluate the viral kinetics and try to define the optimal treatment for these patients.

This study evaluates a single use point of care diagnostic test in the diagnosis of influenza and other respiratory viral infections in adults. Participants will have a sample taken from their nose using a swab. The swab will be gently mixed in a liquid solution which will then be transferred into the device for testing.

The first person-to-person Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in Italy was reported on Feb 21st, 2020, causing one of the most massive outbreak in Europe so far that stopped immediately all elective surgical procedures. Bariatric surgery represents the most effective treatment to obtain an important, long-term weight loss and comorbidities' resolution, including respiratory disorders. A sensitive decrease of epidemic has been observed lately and a gradual and progressive stop of the lockdown (phase 2-3) was planned, when the virus is supposed to be under control and protocols are guiding the restart of the elective bariatric surgery. Several questions are currently open: Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is safe in the phase 2-3? What's the expected complications rate? The actual hospital protocols are effective to minimize the risk of postoperative COVID-19 infection? Aim: to analyse results of bariatric surgery during phase 2-3 COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Primary end point: 30 days COVID-19 infection, mortality and complications. Secondary end points: readmission rate 30 days, reoperations for any reason related to surgery. Study design: prospective multicenter observational. Setting: Italian National Health Service 8 high-volume bariatric centres. Enrollment criteria: No previous Covid-19 infection; Primary, standard IFSO approved bariatric procedures; No concomitant procedure; No previous major abdominal surgery; >18<60 years old; Compensated comorbidities; Official SICOB's surgical informed consent given, including COVID-19 addendum; Adherence to very restrictive protocols regarding: hospital admission, management of in-hospital patients and after discharge. Follow-up: scheduled outpatient visit 30th postoperative day. Data evaluation: all the cases performed during July/December 2020 will be collected in a prospective database. Patients operated during the period July/December 2019 in the same centers will be considered comparative group (control). Expected results: Transparent information to the patients, and the introduction of the COVID-19 protocol concerning patients and health-professionals protection, should guarantee a safe restart of bariatric surgery in Italy. The network of 8 high-volume centers sharing information and protocols in this "unexplored" period will be a guarantee for patients' safety. Bariatric surgery should induce a postoperative amelioration of the comorbidities reducing the risks in case of a second outbreak.

The investigators aim to assess the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) for 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who fail to prior NS5A-containing DAA regimens and HCV genotype 1a and 3 patients who fail to prior non-NS5A-containing DAA regimen in Taiwan on a basis of a multicenter observational study.

The aim of the present study is to estimate the national annual prevalence and incidence of current hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among opioid dependent individuals in opioid substitution treatment (OST) based on a representative sample of approximately 2,500 outpatients in 100 substitution facilities across Germany. Furthermore, the study aims to describe factors influencing HCV therapy initiation and seroconversion during OST.