Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

Patients with sphincter saving procedures of rectal cancer usually experience intestinal dysfunction, including difficulty emptying the bowel and faecal incontinence, leading to a detriment in the quality of life. A prospective study is proposed to measure de feasibility and the impact of a continuous care programme for the prevention or reduction of intestinal dysfunction disorders. The intervention lies on prehabilitation and rehabilitation with physiotherapy, biofeedback and neuromodulation, is assisted by a telematic information system (APP for the monitoring of education on physiotherapy and surveillance).

This observational real-world study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab for the treatment of Chinese NSCLC patients.

Tumours require a blood supply to provide them with oxygen and nutrients and to enable spread of cancer through blood vessels to other organs (metastasis). The formation of new blood vessels is known as angiogenesis, which is controlled by a growth factor (like a hormone) called Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Many drugs have been developed that block VEGF and, in most tumour types, including ovarian cancer, the addition of VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) to conventional anti-cancer therapy postpones recurrence of the disease. In ovarian cancer, VEGFi improve the overall outcome from the cancer in patients who have advanced stage and high-risk disease. VEGFi are now widely used in cancer medicine, yet until now there have not been any biomarkers (tests) that could be used to tell patients and their doctors whether the drugs were working or not. This is important, as VEGFi have side effects that are unpleasant for the patient. Additionally, VEGFi treatments are expensive. The VALTIVE team has discovered the first biomarker that informs doctors whether a VEGFi is blocking a tumour's blood supply. The test involves measuring a protein in the blood called Tie2, which can be measured from routine blood tests that patients have when going to the hospital. If the test shows that the amount of Tie2 decreases in the blood, it means that tumour blood vessels are blocked by VEGFi; if, on the contrary, the level increases, the blood vessels have escaped the control of VEGFi. The investigators have shown that the Tie2 test works in their initial studies in ovarian and bowel cancer. In these studies, the Tie2 blood test was based in the research laboratories. The investigators now wish to establish the test in the Christie Hospital NHS Biochemistry laboratory in Manchester so that it can be used in clinical practice rather than just as a research tool. The investigators wish to measure the relationship between loss of control of VEGF inhibitors as measured by TIE 2 and other standard ways of measuring loss of control of the tumour like increases on CT scans. There are several reasons why this test is needed for patients with ovarian cancer: VEGFi are effective during a patient's first or subsequent treatments for advanced ovarian cancer, but it is not clear which individuals are benefitting from treatment whilst they are on treatment. Patients who have already had one course of VEGFi can be re-treated successfully. Patients can avoid needless side effects, if there is a way of demonstrating that the treatment is of no benefit to them. This test will help doctors choose the best drug to control ovarian cancer and how long to continue treatment. This is very important, since other maintenance therapies are now available and the optimal duration of VEGFi therapy is well known. Around the world many teams are developing new combination treatments including VEGFi. If these new combinations prove effective, it would be possible to use them as efficiently as possible, as they will be very expensive and may therefore be less accessible to patients. These issues highlight the critical need to establish a test in the NHS that tells patients and their doctors when VEGFi are working and when they stop working. In VALTIVE1 study, blood samples will be taken from patients who are receiving a VEGFi called bevacizumab for ovarian cancer. Patients' management will not change during their participation to the trial. The analysis of the blood sample will support the hypothesis that patients whose Tie2 level decreases in response to bevacizumab will have ovarian cancer that is controlled for much longer than those where the Tie2 level does not decrease. These results will be used to design a second trial where the investigators will prove conclusively the value of the Tie2 test. The purpose of VALTIVE1 is to optimise sample acquisition time points and analytical algorithms to support the design of VALTIVE2, a randomised discontinuation trial. In VALTIVE2, Tie2-defined, vascular non-responding patients will be randomly allocated to stop bevacizumab after 9 weeks, by when a response can be detected, or to continue bevacizumab for the conventional year of treatment. Both VALTIVE 1 and VALTIVE2 will test the theory that there is no advantage in continuing bevacizumab in a patient whose Tie2 level does not reduce in response to VEGFi.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide, especially in China, and the median overall survival for patients with advanced, metastatic GC remains only about 1 year. Several molecular profiling studies have demonstrated that a proportion of gastric cancer harbour actionable molecular alterations which shows a predictive benefit from a specific therapy (in any cancer type). In the current study, the efficacy of precision treatment for gastric cancer guided by multidimensional molecular biology profiling will be observed. The analysis focused on the overall survival outcomes for patients whose tumours harboured actionable molecular alterations and who received appropriately matched therapy.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in male and female worldwide. In India, it is the fourth most common cause of cancer in males and third most common cancer in female. Age, smoking, colonic adenomatous polyp, family history are traditional risk factor for CRC. The vast majority of CRC results from malignant transformation from adenoma, which is called as adenoma carcinoma sequence. These adenomatous polyps grows slowly over many years and malignant transformation eventually occurs over 10 years. So, the early detection and removal of polyp at early stage should benefit in preventing CRC.

This is a prospective two cohorts observational study aimed to investigate the predicting value of MRI none-Gaussian model in digestive malignancies patients who received single agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor or combined immunotherapy.

Monitored therapy of olaparib concentrations in the blood of diabetic population probably will assess the need for individual dosing of the drug. The project concerns on the monitored therapy of olaparib in a population of patients with DM, hyperglycemia and normal glucose level. Currently, there are no studies assessing the effect of comorbidities and of the administered drugs on the pharmacokinetics of olaparib.

The screened patients were randomly assigned 25G puncture needles and 22G puncture needles in a 1;1 ratio, based on the computer-generated random order, before receiving an ultrasound endoscope puncture. Each puncture needle puncture lesions 2 needles, the same type of puncture needle tissue samples taken in the same tissue pathology bottle, all tissues after the completion of the necessary cytological smears, are placed in the Formalin solution to send tissue pathology, pathologists do not know the order of distribution of 2 puncture needles to evaluate the tissue results, all pathology results are reported by the hospital pathology center, audit.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 4th highest incidence of cancer and 6th of cancer death of the males in Taiwan. Because the patients were mainly middle-aged male, the disease eventually resulted in a huge loss of labor force, productivity and a huge burden of family supports and medicinal costs. Unfortunately, the incidence and death of HNSCC seemed to be increasing in Taiwan. Currently, the primary treatments of HNSCC are mainly surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors become an emerging treatment in recent days. However, how to select adequate patient by using biomarkers remains an unsolved problem. Therefore, investigator have developed a new method for isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in HNSCC patients. Moreover, the expression of immune markers (such as PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1) on CTCs or immune cells might be a good target to study. Investigator's preliminary data found CTCs and circulating cancer stem-like cells but not PD-1 expression levels on peripheral T cells in patients with recurrence or metastasis HNSCC did not associated with overall survival. Therefore, investigators are wondering if PD-L1 more specific due to it expression on cancer cells. Therefore, in the 3-year project, investigators will utilize developing device and protocol in first year and then enroll 40 freshly diagnosed participants with head and neck cancer at stage III-IV with intent to receive curative concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT), and then analyze CTCs, PD-L1 expression levels on CTCs. Blood sample will be taken before, during (definition: 3-6 weeks after start RT) and after (definition: 4 +/-2 weeks after complete CCRT) completion of CCRT. Investigators will also enroll 10 health participants and taking blood sample for 3 times and follow up. Further statistical tests with clinical conditions (disease status, treatment effects, progression or distant metastasis and death) will be performed to elucidate their clinical significance. Hopefully, investigators will clarify the correlation between clinical outcomes and expression of PD-L1 on CTCs in head and neck patients. This could be a new biomarker for clinical cancer care.

Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors as 2 or more lines treatment for Heavily Pretreated Patients With Advanced, Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus.