Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases"

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular (RV) failure, and ultimately death. Different studies have outlined how various factors as vascular resistance, functional class, age, correlate with mortality. However, the modality of death and risk factors for mortality in patients with PAH are little known. For this purpose, more studies are necessary to analyze the risk factors related to modality of death in PAH.

Odor and taste disturbances have increased dramatically during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, we have very little information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the affected population, on the severity and course of the olfactory / taste loss. The main objective of this research is to analyze the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics of patients suspected or already confirmed of infection with SARS-Cov2 presenting with anosmia and / or ageusia.

Study Objectives: To perform COVID-19 diagnostic and serologic testing on emergency medical personnel in Polk County to determine: COVID-19 prevalence Rate of convalesced personnel (+antibodies) Rate of asymptomatic carriers

There were 83,85,440 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide with a mortality rate of 5.4% according to the situation report of the World Health Organisation on June 19, 2020. In India there were 3,95,048 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 3.3%. In Tamil Nadu there were 54,449 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 1.2% according to the report of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India on June 19, 2020. COVID-19 infection is a double challenge for people with diabetes. India has a large number of persons with diabetes (more than 77 million). Recent studies have reported rising prevalence both in the urban and rural populations. The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) also shows an increasing trend in the last few decades. Mortality seems to be threefold higher in people with diabetes when COVD-19 coexists when compared with mortality due to COVID-19 without comorbidities. Yang et al noted that among 52 intensive care patients who had COVID 19 infection, 22% had diabetes among the non-survivors. In a study of 173 patients with severe disease, 16.2% had diabetes, and in another study of 140 hospitalized patients, 12% had diabetes. Li et al compared intensive care and non-intensive care patients who had COVID-19. They showed a twofold increase in the incidence of diabetes in intensive care patients. In addition to diabetes; the other common co-morbidities present in COVID 19 patients were hypertension (20%), cardiovascular disease (16%), and lung disease (6%). In this context, patients with diabetes have been listed as people with higher severity for COVID-19 by several health authorities. However, precise data regarding patients with and without diabetes having COVID-19 infection are still lacking. Moreover, the relationship between diabetes and the severity of COVID-19 remains unknown. In this study, we intend to identify the disease severity and mortality in people with and without diabetes admitted for COVID-19 in southern India.

This goal of this study is to know the association between the central serous chorioretinopathy and the obstructive sleep apnea. Many studies have been done in order to assess the association between the central serous chorioretinopathy and obstructive sleep apnea and the results are always controverses actually.

The anticipated second wave of COVID-19 cases will present healthcare system challenges, including requirement to monitor large numbers of patients for deteriorating respiratory failure. Rising respiratory rate can identify deterioration requiring escalation of care. However constant monitoring of respiratory rate can be challenging outwith critical care units due to feasibility and inaccuracy of intermittent measurements. Wearable biosensors which allows for remote patient monitoring of RR is therefore attractive, particularly when combined in a dashboard with clinical summary data. This would establish source data and infrastructure for the training and validation of machine-learning models, with decision support risk-predictions prioritising alerts and clinician reviews.

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is leading to a large number of patients in intensive care units due to severe hypoxemic pneumonia. After an acute phase that may require controlled mechanical ventilation and deep sedation, removal of sedation often reveals a pathological awakening in the vast majority of patients. This encephalopathy state remains, to date and to our knowledge, unexplained. Clinical features do not appear to fully correlate with regular delirium. This encephalopathy might be explained by deep and prolonged hypoxemia, a wide use of sedation drugs, systemic inflammation or the hostile ICU environment.

This retrospective-prospective longitudinal observational study was designed to evaluate the role of bedside lung ultrasound per se and in association with hemogasanalysis parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19 patients in the Emergency Departement (ED). Retrospective data regarding patients who presented at the ED of IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital from 10/11/2020, together with those acquired by the observation of patients who will access to the ED until 10/05/2021 will be collected, configuring a total enrollment period of 6 months. Clinical informations about patients' medical history will be recorded, with particular focus on the type and date of onset of the symptoms. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategy will be chosen according to the current standard of care. Results of bedside lung ultrasound, together with vital parameters, blood gas analysis, laboratory and other findings will be recorded. The primary outcome will be defined as patients' outcome at time of discharge from the ED, in terms of intensity of required care (home discharge, low or high-intensity care hospitalization, death). Secondary outcomes will be patients' prognosis 30 days after access to ED and the required intensity of care (eg need for non-invasive ventilation, oro-tracheal intubation).The follow-up 30 days after access to the ED will be evaluated by telephone survey or by consulting medical records.

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the illness named COVID-19, which is primarily characterized by pneumonia. As of 27 December, there have been over 79.2 million cases and over 1.7 million deaths reported since the start of the pandemic. In many cases, pneumonia evolves to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with the need for mechanical ventilation and patient admission to intensive care unit, determining a marked increase in the need for intensive care beds worldwide. Pulmonary involvement causes predominantly hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although COVID-19 pneumonia often falls within the diagnostic criteria of ARDS, it differs from it for some peculiar pathophysiological characteristics. In particular, patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 often have the compliance of the respiratory system within the normal range. A significant role in the pathophysiology of hypoxemia seems to depend on vascular alterations such as altered pulmonary vascular self-regulation, pulmonary capillary leakage, and microvascular thrombosis in a complex process known as "immunothrombosis". All together they act by altering the relationship between ventilation and perfusion and increasing the dead space, which ultimately results in impaired efficiency of the pulmonary ventilation. Among the various markers associated with the prognosis of patients with COVID-19, D-dimer is linked to both the inflammatory state and thrombotic phenomena and could help to identify patients at greater risk of developing early ventilation-perfusion changes. This study aims at measuring the ventilatory efficiency, assessed by Ventilatory Ratio, in critically ill, mechanically ventilated, COVID-19 patients and its correlation with plasma D-dimer and quasi-static respiratory compliance.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM To determine the association between periodontal bone loss and maxillary sinus changes through cone beam computed tomography. OBJECTIVES Primary objectives- 1. To compare the presence of maxillary sinus changes in patients with radiographic evidence of periodontal bone loss with healthy controls. Secondary objectives- To determine the correlation between severity of periodontal bone loss with the changes in maxillary sinus. To compare the mean maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in patients with radiographic evidence of periodontal disease with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study will be conducted in the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak. STUDY SETTING Hospital based study - CBCT volumes which are available in the archives of Oral Medicine and Radiology department will be evaluated. STUDY PERIOD This study will be completed in 6 months. STUDY SUBJECTS CBCT volumes of patients who have undergone CBCT examination between May 2019 and December 2020 for various dental purposes will be evaluated and the volumes fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. The subjects will be divided into 2 groups- Periodontal disease group and Healthy group, INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Good quality images with visualization of maxillary sinus and maxillary posterior teeth of at least one side. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Signs of endodontic pathology like periapical radiolucency, root canal fillings etc. Presence of metal artifacts interfering with the view of the maxilla. Presence of trauma or pathologies such as tumours, cysts or malignancies that obscure the view of the region of interest. SAMPLE SIZE A minimum sample size of 71 maxillary scans in each group has been calculated to expect a difference of 26.84% in the prevalence of the 2 groups as ascertained from a pilot study, at a significance level of 0.05 and a power of 90%. Since group one will further be divided into 3 classes, a sample size of 225 in each group shall be taken. METHODOLOGY CBCT volumes of patients who have undergone CBCT for various dental purposes between May 2019 to December 2020 available in the archives of Department of Oral medicine and radiology will be evaluated. These scans will be screened for radiographic evidence of periodontal disease i.e. horizontal or vertical bone loss and bone loss at the furcation. Further, the periodontal bone loss scans i.e. 225 will be divided into 3 groups of 75 each: mild (<25%), moderate (25-50%) and severe (>50%) according to the amount of bone loss. The group with no bone loss will be taken as the control group i.e. 225. Maxillary sinuses will be evaluated according to the following criteria; score range from 0 to 6 ; 0 - no mucosal changes.,1 - area without cortical bone and with soft tissue density, thickness >3 mm, parallel to sinus bone wall,2- sinus polyp, 3-antral pseudo cyst, 4- non-specific opacification,5- periostitis,6- antrolith. DATA MANAGEMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data will be tabulated in Microsoft Excel sheet. The results will be expressed as the frequency (%) of maxillary and Mean + Standard deviation (SD) for maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. Normality of data will be assessed and Chi-square or student T test shall be used for non-parametric and parametric data respectively. All analysis will be performed by SPSS software version 21. A p value less than 0.05 will be considered significant for all outcomes.