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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation

Primary Purpose

Schizophrenia, Psychological Trauma, Dissociation

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Sponsored by
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Schizophrenia

Eligibility Criteria

16 Years - undefined (Child, Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Be in contact with mental health services.
  2. Have an identified care coordinator.
  3. Meet ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder or meet entry criteria for an Early Intervention in Psychosis service in order to allow for diagnostic uncertainty in early phases of psychosis.
  4. History of voice-hearing for a minimum of six months.
  5. Aged 16 and above.
  6. Score ≥ 2 (i.e. "Voices occurring at least once a day") on the frequency item of the PSYRATS.
  7. Score ≥ 3 (i.e. "Voices are very distressing, although subject could feel worse") on the distress intensity rating of the PSYRATS.
  8. Confirmed that they consider AVHs, dissociative experiences, and/or trauma as their main problem or presenting difficulty, and that would like to receive a psychological intervention specifically designed to address these difficulties - this will be assessed using four items integrated in the PSYRATS interview administered as part of the present study, and the self-reported therapy goals generated through the CHOICE short form.
  9. Score ≥ 1 on any of the items of the Bref Betrayal Trauma Survey assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal trauma (i.e. items 3-11).
  10. scores suggestive of clinical levels of dissociative symptoms, as indicated by a score > 20 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, time bound
  11. Capacity to provide informed consent.
  12. Judged by their clinician to be clinically stable for the preceding 4 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Any person without capacity to provide written informed consent.
  2. If the experience of voices/psychosis is organic in origin (for example, hallucinatory experiences linked to traumatic brain injuries, organic psychoses, or emerging in the context of dementing conditions).
  3. Insufficient command of English to complete the research interviews and measures.
  4. Intellectual disability, or severe cognitive dysfunction that might preclude the individual's ability to provide informed consent, understand the study procedure and/or fully appreciate the potential consequences of their participation.
  5. Primary diagnosis of substance misuse dependency.
  6. Where care coordinators identify reasons for why participation might be potentially detrimental.
  7. Inpatient/acute care needed.

Sites / Locations

    Arms of the Study

    Arm 1

    Arm Type

    Experimental

    Arm Label

    CBT for voices and dissociation

    Arm Description

    24 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) over a 6-month period treatment window.

    Outcomes

    Primary Outcome Measures

    Change in the Dissociative Experiences Scale - time bound
    Change in the frequency of dissociative experiences, assessed via a questionnaire measure assessing presence and frequency of dissociative experiences in the previous month
    Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - auditory hallucinations subscale
    change in the severity of hallucinatory experiences, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of auditory hallucinations in the previous week

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - delusions subscale
    change in the severity of delusional beliefs, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of delusions in the previous week
    Change in the Impact of Events Scale Revised
    change in the severity of post-traumatic symptoms, assessed via a questionnaire measuring arousal, hypervigilance, and intrusions in the previous week
    Change in the short Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales
    change in the severity of emotional distress, assessed via a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in the previous week
    Change in the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
    change in subjective recovery from psychosis, assed via a self-report questionnaire measuring perceived recovery from psychosis-related difficulties
    Change in the short-form of the CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE)
    change in service user-led outcome measure, assessed using a validated questionnaire developed to evaluate outcomes of cognitive behavioural interventions for psychosis

    Full Information

    First Posted
    June 24, 2021
    Last Updated
    July 27, 2021
    Sponsor
    Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
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    1. Study Identification

    Unique Protocol Identification Number
    NCT04990414
    Brief Title
    Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation
    Official Title
    Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation: A Case Series
    Study Type
    Interventional

    2. Study Status

    Record Verification Date
    July 2021
    Overall Recruitment Status
    Completed
    Study Start Date
    November 24, 2013 (Actual)
    Primary Completion Date
    January 29, 2019 (Actual)
    Study Completion Date
    January 29, 2019 (Actual)

    3. Sponsor/Collaborators

    Responsible Party, by Official Title
    Principal Investigator
    Name of the Sponsor
    Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust

    4. Oversight

    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
    No
    Data Monitoring Committee
    No

    5. Study Description

    Brief Summary
    Case series design with participants with psychosis with a history of interpersonal trauma/abuse and current distressing auditory verbal hallucinations and dissociative experience. Participants were offered up to 24 therapy sessions over a 6-month intervention window.
    Detailed Description
    Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that dissociation might represent an important mechanism in the maintenance of auditory verbal hallucinations (i.e., voices) in people who have a history of traumatic life experiences. This study investigated whether a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for psychosis augmented with techniques specifically targeting dissociative symptoms could improve both dissociation and auditory hallucination severity in a sample of voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma (e.g., exposure to sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse). Design: Case series. Methods: A total of 19 service users with psychosis were offered up to 24 therapy sessions over a 6-month intervention window. Participants were assessed four times over a 12-month period using measures of dissociation, psychotic symptoms severity, and additional secondary mental-health and recovery measures.

    6. Conditions and Keywords

    Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
    Schizophrenia, Psychological Trauma, Dissociation, Hallucinations

    7. Study Design

    Primary Purpose
    Treatment
    Study Phase
    Phase 2
    Interventional Study Model
    Single Group Assignment
    Model Description
    Case series
    Masking
    None (Open Label)
    Allocation
    N/A
    Enrollment
    19 (Actual)

    8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

    Arm Title
    CBT for voices and dissociation
    Arm Type
    Experimental
    Arm Description
    24 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) over a 6-month period treatment window.
    Intervention Type
    Other
    Intervention Name(s)
    Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
    Intervention Description
    Sessions 1-4 were focused on engagement, assessment of presenting problems, identification of treatment goals and normalization/ psychoeducation. Sessions 5- 14, focused on techniques to manage dissociative responses and/or increase perceived controllability of dissociation. Although further work on dissociation and/or trauma was encouraged, the targets for intervention in subsequent sessions (15-22) and the strategies selected depended on individual formulation of clients' difficulties and negotiation with the client. This could include re-appraisals on negative beliefs about dissociative experiences, cognitive and/or behavioural change strategies targeting core appraisals of voices leading to related distress, trauma-related techniques (e.g., imagery techniques,), or consolidation of a developmental/longitudinal psychological formulation of the client's difficulties. The final two sessions focused on plans for relapse prevention and maintenance of gains.
    Primary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Change in the Dissociative Experiences Scale - time bound
    Description
    Change in the frequency of dissociative experiences, assessed via a questionnaire measure assessing presence and frequency of dissociative experiences in the previous month
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Title
    Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - auditory hallucinations subscale
    Description
    change in the severity of hallucinatory experiences, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of auditory hallucinations in the previous week
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - delusions subscale
    Description
    change in the severity of delusional beliefs, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of delusions in the previous week
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Title
    Change in the Impact of Events Scale Revised
    Description
    change in the severity of post-traumatic symptoms, assessed via a questionnaire measuring arousal, hypervigilance, and intrusions in the previous week
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Title
    Change in the short Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales
    Description
    change in the severity of emotional distress, assessed via a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in the previous week
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Title
    Change in the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
    Description
    change in subjective recovery from psychosis, assed via a self-report questionnaire measuring perceived recovery from psychosis-related difficulties
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
    Title
    Change in the short-form of the CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE)
    Description
    change in service user-led outcome measure, assessed using a validated questionnaire developed to evaluate outcomes of cognitive behavioural interventions for psychosis
    Time Frame
    baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment

    10. Eligibility

    Sex
    All
    Minimum Age & Unit of Time
    16 Years
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers
    No
    Eligibility Criteria
    Inclusion Criteria: Be in contact with mental health services. Have an identified care coordinator. Meet ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder or meet entry criteria for an Early Intervention in Psychosis service in order to allow for diagnostic uncertainty in early phases of psychosis. History of voice-hearing for a minimum of six months. Aged 16 and above. Score ≥ 2 (i.e. "Voices occurring at least once a day") on the frequency item of the PSYRATS. Score ≥ 3 (i.e. "Voices are very distressing, although subject could feel worse") on the distress intensity rating of the PSYRATS. Confirmed that they consider AVHs, dissociative experiences, and/or trauma as their main problem or presenting difficulty, and that would like to receive a psychological intervention specifically designed to address these difficulties - this will be assessed using four items integrated in the PSYRATS interview administered as part of the present study, and the self-reported therapy goals generated through the CHOICE short form. Score ≥ 1 on any of the items of the Bref Betrayal Trauma Survey assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal trauma (i.e. items 3-11). scores suggestive of clinical levels of dissociative symptoms, as indicated by a score > 20 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, time bound Capacity to provide informed consent. Judged by their clinician to be clinically stable for the preceding 4 weeks Exclusion Criteria: Any person without capacity to provide written informed consent. If the experience of voices/psychosis is organic in origin (for example, hallucinatory experiences linked to traumatic brain injuries, organic psychoses, or emerging in the context of dementing conditions). Insufficient command of English to complete the research interviews and measures. Intellectual disability, or severe cognitive dysfunction that might preclude the individual's ability to provide informed consent, understand the study procedure and/or fully appreciate the potential consequences of their participation. Primary diagnosis of substance misuse dependency. Where care coordinators identify reasons for why participation might be potentially detrimental. Inpatient/acute care needed.

    12. IPD Sharing Statement

    Plan to Share IPD
    No
    Citations:
    PubMed Identifier
    32914542
    Citation
    Varese F, Douglas M, Dudley R, Bowe S, Christodoulides T, Common S, Grace T, Lumley V, McCartney L, Pace S, Reeves T, Morrison AP, Turkington D. Targeting dissociation using cognitive behavioural therapy in voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma: A case series. Psychol Psychother. 2021 Jun;94(2):247-265. doi: 10.1111/papt.12304. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
    Results Reference
    result

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