Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation
Primary Purpose
Schizophrenia, Psychological Trauma, Dissociation
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Schizophrenia
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Be in contact with mental health services.
- Have an identified care coordinator.
- Meet ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder or meet entry criteria for an Early Intervention in Psychosis service in order to allow for diagnostic uncertainty in early phases of psychosis.
- History of voice-hearing for a minimum of six months.
- Aged 16 and above.
- Score ≥ 2 (i.e. "Voices occurring at least once a day") on the frequency item of the PSYRATS.
- Score ≥ 3 (i.e. "Voices are very distressing, although subject could feel worse") on the distress intensity rating of the PSYRATS.
- Confirmed that they consider AVHs, dissociative experiences, and/or trauma as their main problem or presenting difficulty, and that would like to receive a psychological intervention specifically designed to address these difficulties - this will be assessed using four items integrated in the PSYRATS interview administered as part of the present study, and the self-reported therapy goals generated through the CHOICE short form.
- Score ≥ 1 on any of the items of the Bref Betrayal Trauma Survey assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal trauma (i.e. items 3-11).
- scores suggestive of clinical levels of dissociative symptoms, as indicated by a score > 20 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, time bound
- Capacity to provide informed consent.
- Judged by their clinician to be clinically stable for the preceding 4 weeks
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any person without capacity to provide written informed consent.
- If the experience of voices/psychosis is organic in origin (for example, hallucinatory experiences linked to traumatic brain injuries, organic psychoses, or emerging in the context of dementing conditions).
- Insufficient command of English to complete the research interviews and measures.
- Intellectual disability, or severe cognitive dysfunction that might preclude the individual's ability to provide informed consent, understand the study procedure and/or fully appreciate the potential consequences of their participation.
- Primary diagnosis of substance misuse dependency.
- Where care coordinators identify reasons for why participation might be potentially detrimental.
- Inpatient/acute care needed.
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Label
CBT for voices and dissociation
Arm Description
24 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) over a 6-month period treatment window.
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Change in the Dissociative Experiences Scale - time bound
Change in the frequency of dissociative experiences, assessed via a questionnaire measure assessing presence and frequency of dissociative experiences in the previous month
Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - auditory hallucinations subscale
change in the severity of hallucinatory experiences, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of auditory hallucinations in the previous week
Secondary Outcome Measures
Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - delusions subscale
change in the severity of delusional beliefs, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of delusions in the previous week
Change in the Impact of Events Scale Revised
change in the severity of post-traumatic symptoms, assessed via a questionnaire measuring arousal, hypervigilance, and intrusions in the previous week
Change in the short Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales
change in the severity of emotional distress, assessed via a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in the previous week
Change in the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
change in subjective recovery from psychosis, assed via a self-report questionnaire measuring perceived recovery from psychosis-related difficulties
Change in the short-form of the CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE)
change in service user-led outcome measure, assessed using a validated questionnaire developed to evaluate outcomes of cognitive behavioural interventions for psychosis
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT04990414
First Posted
June 24, 2021
Last Updated
July 27, 2021
Sponsor
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04990414
Brief Title
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation
Official Title
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation: A Case Series
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
July 2021
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
November 24, 2013 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
January 29, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
January 29, 2019 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Case series design with participants with psychosis with a history of interpersonal trauma/abuse and current distressing auditory verbal hallucinations and dissociative experience. Participants were offered up to 24 therapy sessions over a 6-month intervention window.
Detailed Description
Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that dissociation might represent an important mechanism in the maintenance of auditory verbal hallucinations (i.e., voices) in people who have a history of traumatic life experiences. This study investigated whether a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for psychosis augmented with techniques specifically targeting dissociative symptoms could improve both dissociation and auditory hallucination severity in a sample of voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma (e.g., exposure to sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse).
Design: Case series.
Methods: A total of 19 service users with psychosis were offered up to 24 therapy sessions over a 6-month intervention window. Participants were assessed four times over a 12-month period using measures of dissociation, psychotic symptoms severity, and additional secondary mental-health and recovery measures.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Schizophrenia, Psychological Trauma, Dissociation, Hallucinations
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 2
Interventional Study Model
Single Group Assignment
Model Description
Case series
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
N/A
Enrollment
19 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
CBT for voices and dissociation
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
24 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) over a 6-month period treatment window.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Intervention Description
Sessions 1-4 were focused on engagement, assessment of presenting problems, identification of treatment goals and normalization/ psychoeducation. Sessions 5- 14, focused on techniques to manage dissociative responses and/or increase perceived controllability of dissociation. Although further work on dissociation and/or trauma was encouraged, the targets for intervention in subsequent sessions (15-22) and the strategies selected depended on individual formulation of clients' difficulties and negotiation with the client. This could include re-appraisals on negative beliefs about dissociative experiences, cognitive and/or behavioural change strategies targeting core appraisals of voices leading to related distress, trauma-related techniques (e.g., imagery techniques,), or consolidation of a developmental/longitudinal psychological formulation of the client's difficulties. The final two sessions focused on plans for relapse prevention and maintenance of gains.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in the Dissociative Experiences Scale - time bound
Description
Change in the frequency of dissociative experiences, assessed via a questionnaire measure assessing presence and frequency of dissociative experiences in the previous month
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Title
Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - auditory hallucinations subscale
Description
change in the severity of hallucinatory experiences, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of auditory hallucinations in the previous week
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale - delusions subscale
Description
change in the severity of delusional beliefs, assessed via a clinical interview measuring for presence and severity of delusions in the previous week
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Title
Change in the Impact of Events Scale Revised
Description
change in the severity of post-traumatic symptoms, assessed via a questionnaire measuring arousal, hypervigilance, and intrusions in the previous week
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Title
Change in the short Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales
Description
change in the severity of emotional distress, assessed via a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in the previous week
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Title
Change in the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
Description
change in subjective recovery from psychosis, assed via a self-report questionnaire measuring perceived recovery from psychosis-related difficulties
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
Title
Change in the short-form of the CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE)
Description
change in service user-led outcome measure, assessed using a validated questionnaire developed to evaluate outcomes of cognitive behavioural interventions for psychosis
Time Frame
baseline, at mid-treatment (approximately 3 months after the baseline assessment), at the end of treatment (6 months after baseline), and again at 6 months following the end of treatment
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
16 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Be in contact with mental health services.
Have an identified care coordinator.
Meet ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder or meet entry criteria for an Early Intervention in Psychosis service in order to allow for diagnostic uncertainty in early phases of psychosis.
History of voice-hearing for a minimum of six months.
Aged 16 and above.
Score ≥ 2 (i.e. "Voices occurring at least once a day") on the frequency item of the PSYRATS.
Score ≥ 3 (i.e. "Voices are very distressing, although subject could feel worse") on the distress intensity rating of the PSYRATS.
Confirmed that they consider AVHs, dissociative experiences, and/or trauma as their main problem or presenting difficulty, and that would like to receive a psychological intervention specifically designed to address these difficulties - this will be assessed using four items integrated in the PSYRATS interview administered as part of the present study, and the self-reported therapy goals generated through the CHOICE short form.
Score ≥ 1 on any of the items of the Bref Betrayal Trauma Survey assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal trauma (i.e. items 3-11).
scores suggestive of clinical levels of dissociative symptoms, as indicated by a score > 20 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, time bound
Capacity to provide informed consent.
Judged by their clinician to be clinically stable for the preceding 4 weeks
Exclusion Criteria:
Any person without capacity to provide written informed consent.
If the experience of voices/psychosis is organic in origin (for example, hallucinatory experiences linked to traumatic brain injuries, organic psychoses, or emerging in the context of dementing conditions).
Insufficient command of English to complete the research interviews and measures.
Intellectual disability, or severe cognitive dysfunction that might preclude the individual's ability to provide informed consent, understand the study procedure and/or fully appreciate the potential consequences of their participation.
Primary diagnosis of substance misuse dependency.
Where care coordinators identify reasons for why participation might be potentially detrimental.
Inpatient/acute care needed.
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
32914542
Citation
Varese F, Douglas M, Dudley R, Bowe S, Christodoulides T, Common S, Grace T, Lumley V, McCartney L, Pace S, Reeves T, Morrison AP, Turkington D. Targeting dissociation using cognitive behavioural therapy in voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma: A case series. Psychol Psychother. 2021 Jun;94(2):247-265. doi: 10.1111/papt.12304. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
Results Reference
result
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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Voices and Dissociation
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