Active clinical trials for "Hypersensitivity"

Despite its common occurrence, still little is known about pathomechanisms determining different wheeze and asthma trajectories and phenotypes in children, and those beginning in adulthood. Therefore, deciphering underlying determinants for different childhood and adult asthma phenotypes is urgently needed to develop personalized treatment approaches targeting distinct underlying mechanisms. Thereby, secondary prevention early in the disease process can also be achieved. The decoding of such mechanisms and their translation to the individual patient is the aim of the Disease Area Asthma Allergy of the 'German Centre for Lung Research' (DZL).

Photobiomodulation has been widely used as complementary treatment for dentin hypersensitivity, with reports of clinical success. However, the literature offers only one study in which photobiomodulation was used for the treatment of sensitivity in molars with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). The aim of the proposed study is to determine whether photobiomodulation enhances the results of treatment with glass ionomer sealant on molars with MIH that present sensitivity. Methods and analysis: The study involving 50 patients 6 to 12 years of age tha will be randomly allocated in two groups. Group 1 (control group) (n = 25): toothpaste with a concentration of fluoride, glass ionomer sealant and sham low-level laser (LLL) and Group 2 (n = 25): toothpaste with a concentration of fluoride, glass ionomer sealant and active low-level laser (LLL). The evaluations will involve MIH record, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) and Visual analog scale (VAS) before the procedure. Immediately after the procedure hypersensitivity index (SCASS/VAS) will be register. Record of OHI and SCASS/VAS will be register 48 horas after and as well as 01 month after the procedure. It is expected that by the second consultation a decrease in sensitivity will be observed due to the treatments received in the two groups.

Background: Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are frequent in all medical settings and characterized by persistent physical symptoms that cannot be explained by other somatic or psychiatric conditions. In recent decades, a number of different types of functional somatic disorders have been defined, but so far there is no clear explanation for the pathophysiology. The high prevalence of olfactory problems in some patients with FSD suggests that olfactory symptoms are a potential diagnostic biomarker, especially in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). The olfactory system is a unique sense with direct pathways to the limbic system, which is associated with emotion and mood. The focus on the olfactory system has revealed a significant association of this sense with numerous diseases. Hypotheses: Patients with MCS and FSD have normal olfactory tests (normosmic subjects according to TDI score using "sniffing test") but differ in habituation test compared to healthy controls. MCS and FSD patients have different odour perception processing in the brain as a "fingerprint" of functional somatic disorder compared to healthy controls. Research plan: The aim of this parts of the study is to identify specific MRI and paraclinical measures for MCS and BDS. In the first phase, 5 patients with MCS and 5 healthy controls will have a full clinical test of the olfactory system at the Flavour Institute, AU. In addition, they will be scanned (for "fingerprinting") where the investigators expect to find changes in olfactory connectivity similar to those seen in depression. This phase of the study will lead to a conclusion on the exact MR parameters to be used in the main study. In the second phase of the study, 10 patients with MCS, 10 with FSD, and 10 healthy controls will be evaluated using a test battery of questionnaires and paraclinical tests. Perspectives: Previous imaging studies have focused on pain stimulation paradigms, rest-state fMRI, and DTI, but the olfactory system may be the "missing link" in identifiying a quantitative candidate in terms of whole-brain computational modeling and could potentially be used as a "fingerprint" in diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Forty-four patients with dentin sensibility after non-surgical scaling and root planning (SRP) will be randomly included in 2 groups: Experimental Group: SRP+ Photobiomodulation (PBM) (660nm, 100W, area 0,5cm2, 200w/cm2, 30 seconds, 3 J, 6J/cm2. The primary outcome of the study will be the assessment of dentinal sensitivity after 7 days of RAR measured with the visual analog scale (VAS). The cutoff of VAS is 3. Also, it will be assessed the impact of oral health on the participant's quality of life, with the OHIP-14 questionnaire. The use of analgesics (paracetamol) will be prescribed as needed and the amount of medication will be calculated. These outcomes will be evaluated after 7 days and 1 month of application

The study will systematically evaluate how an emergency manual-a collection of checklists and fact sheets-affects the performance of resuscitation teams during the management of priority one patients in an emergency department.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role dietary salt plays in epigenetic regulation of blood pressure, focusing on the salt-sensitive regulatory enzyme Lysine-specific demethylase 1.

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is defined as the change in blood pressure (BP) in relation to change in salt intake. An increase in BP from low- to high-salt diet is common and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, even among normotensive individuals. Yet, the pathophysiology of SSBP is not well understood. The prevailing paradigm is that abnormalities of neurohormones that regulate sodium (Na+) retention and excretion and/or Na+ transporting pathways create Na+ imbalances that underlie susceptibility to SSBP. As a homeostatic mechanism, BP fluctuates to maintain Na+ balance, i.e. higher BP is needed for pressure natriuresis to excrete excess Na+. An alternate framework emphasizes vascular dysregulation as the inciting mechanism. In both constructs, how Na+ itself influences BP remains incompletely understood. Our preliminary work suggests that excess Na+ induces a pro-inflammatory state that sustains higher BP. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) drives the induction of interleukin-17 (IL-17) secreting T helper 17 cells that were recently demonstrated to be pathogenic in response to Na+ exposure. IL-6, IL-17 and related cytokines regulate renal Na+ transporters and raise BP through vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired vasodilation. The immune response to high- and low-salt diet in humans, however, is not completely understood, emphasizing the need for more detailed human studies, with deeper immune profiling under controlled salt conditions and with neurohormonal assessment. Our overarching postulate is that the inflammatory response to excess dietary salt intake is associated with SSBP. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is the ideal cohort in which to translate our preliminary findings. Investigators propose to investigate SSBP in CARDIA using standardized low- and high-salt diets and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Investigators will quantify SSBP in a total of 500 participants from the Chicago and Birmingham field centers during the upcoming year 35 exam (beginning in 2020). Our specific aims are: 1) to define the distribution of SSBP and its clinical correlates in a contemporary community-based US cohort of middle-aged individuals; 2) to investigate the immune response to dietary salt loading, and 3) to investigate the association between the immune and BP responses to dietary salt loading. The proposed study represents a unique opportunity to leverage a large, well-phenotyped cohort to test novel hypotheses regarding SSBP. Phenotyping SSBP using standardized high- and low-salt diets in CARDIA will be novel as this has never been performed in any of the existing US based NHLBI sponsored cardiovascular epidemiologic cohorts. The proposed work has the potential to yield a more readily available approach for differentiating an individual as salt-sensitive or resistant. New insights into the pathophysiology of SSBP should also provide a foundation for investigating high-impact clinical applications, by informing future studies of therapies directed at SSBP. The scientific rigor is further enhanced by the rich clinical, genetic, and biochemical data available in CARDIA.

During the last 10 years many studies concerning the impact of physical training on whole-body insulin sensitivity have been published, but there is a lack of an extended investigation on the potential clinical benefits of novel circuit training-based on strength and endurance exercises-relating to the optimization of insulin sensitivity and vascular endothelial function. It is of interest to precisely determine the physiological and biochemical effects of circuit training. An important aspect of the planned research will be the analysis of the effects of physical training on the released during muscle contraction myokines capable of modulating various metabolic processes. We hypothesized that in studied participants 12 weeks of the novel form of training would result in improving insulin sensitivity and vascular endothelial function mainly via myokines released by contracting skeletal muscles. The following questions will be asked: (1) whether the 12-week circuit training (combined strength and endurance exercises) performed by women with insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and promotes the efficiency of endothelial defense mechanisms? (2) whether the 12-week circuit training (combined of strength and endurance exercises) changes the concentrations of transcription factors regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism or the synthesis and/or secretion of myokines and adipokines in women with insulin resistance? (3) whether the 12-week strength training, interspersed with bouts of endurance exercise has a positive effect on cytokine profile? (4) whether there is a relationship between changes in body composition, HOMA-IR, and the level of myokines caused by physical training? (5) whether the 12-week circuit training reduces low back pain symptoms, plantar stifness and improve functioning of the patient in everyday life? A group of 80 women, aged 25 to 45 years, with diagnosed insulin resistance will participate in the planned study. Participants will be enrolled in the research program based on medical qualification. Before the intervention all women will have venous blood collected to determine fasting glucose, hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1C) and insulin levels and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) will be calculated. The inclusion criteria will be as follows: (1) women, age: 25-45 years, menstruating, (2) BMI 18,5-29,9 kg/m2, (3) insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (cut-off point 2.5), (4) HbA1C ≤ 6.5%, (5) not contraindicated to physical activity. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into two groups. The first group of women will undergo circuit training, consisting of exercises performed on 7 machines arranged in a circuit. Thanks to the use of adequate software the machines will automatically adjust their parameters, such as seat height or resistance to the exercising person, and the training progress will be individually monitored. The planned training will last for 3 months, during which the patients will exercise 3 times a week for 30 minutes (2 circuits will be done during each session). The planned duration of the training session will be controlled (one minute for strength exercises, four minutes for endurance exercises and a 30-second break between each exercise). In the training group, one-repetition maximum exercise test (1RM) will be performed to determine the appropriate training load and later after the program to verify the increase in muscle strength. The range of maximum heart rate (HRmax) will also be determined in all exercising women. The second group of women, who will be asked to maintain their current level of physical activity and their diet for a period of 3 months will serve as a control group. Before and after the training program in all participants of the study pulse wave velocity, anthropometric parameters and body composition will be assessed. Concurrently venous blood will be taken to determine biochemical indicators related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, vascular endothelium function, inflammation and adipocytokines and myokines. In both groups of women, the questioners concerning dietary intake and the level of daily physical activity will be administered. Results will be subjected to analysis involving descriptive, and advanced statistic method among them analysis of correlations, regression, variance and cluster analysis. All calculations and statistics will be performed using TIBCO Statistica 13.3 software (TIBCO).

This randomized pilot trial studies how well fat emulsion works in preventing hypersensitivity reactions in patients with cancer receiving carboplatin or oxaliplatin. Giving lipids before chemotherapy may prevent some drug reactions from carboplatin or oxaliplatin.

The study aims to assess the effects of daily consumption of nutrients-fortified eggs on eczema condition in individuals with eczema. It is hypothesised that daily consumption of nutrients-fortified egg, which is rich in antioxidants, will improve eczema conditions in individuals with eczema as compared to consumption of regular eggs.