Active clinical trials for "Behavior, Addictive"

This research examines the effectiveness of an intervention that employs seek, test, and treat strategies for Vietnamese injection drug users (IDU) and their network members, by ensuring that high risk individuals are sought for HIV testing and promptly referred to and maintained on antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV prevention interventions are provided to IDUs who test HIV-negative, as well as those who test HIV-positive. HIV-positive IDUs will be referred to HIV care through a two-arm randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of different levels of engagement in care on ART uptake, ART adherence, and treatment outcome.

In the present study the investigators will measure the effects of nicotine and non-nicotine factors on brain function during cognitive processes that are differentially sensitive to these factors. One process-continuous working memory (CWM)-is implemented via a network of frontal and parietal brain regions and is highly dopamine dependent. Smoking cessation results in significant deficits in CWM which can persist for weeks and are reversed by resumption of nicotine administration in the form of smoking or nicotine replacement. Additionally, CWM deficits are observed during smoking of denic cigarettes. Brain function during CWM is modulated by smoking abstinence and subsequent nicotine administration and activity in the dlPFC is implicated in these effects. Collectively, these data suggest that CWM is highly sensitive to the nicotine, but not non-nicotine components of smoking. Brain function during CWM is altered by smoking abstinence and nicotine, but the effect of smoking, in the absence of nicotine, has not been evaluated. Another process-cue-reactivity (CR)-results from the repeated pairing of otherwise neutral stimuli with nicotine administration. Acute smoking cessation has not been shown to have strong effects on CR in the form of cue-provoked craving, nor has nicotine replacement been shown to have robust effects on CR. Likewise, the direct effects of smoking abstinence on brain CR have been small; though craving has been shown to modulate relations between abstinence and CR. Moreover, recent data from our lab suggest larger 'doses' of abstinence (~ 24 hrs) may amplify brain responses to cues. The effect of smoking in the absence of nicotine, on CR has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated. Collectively, these data suggest that CR in the form of cue-induced craving is not highly sensitive to the effects of short-term smoking abstinence or nicotine. Brain CR is modulated by abstinence-induced craving and longer-term abstinence, but it is unclear whether abstinence from nicotine or non-nicotine components is responsible for these effects. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the effects of non-nicotine and nicotine factors on CWM and CR using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This method allows for the non-invasive assessment of brain function. We will also examine the role of genes in moderating and mediating the effects of nicotine and non-nicotine factors on cognitive function

This is a Phase 1 safety/tolerably study to determine if there are clinically significant interactions between oral vigabatrin (gamma vinyl-gamma-amino butyric acid; VGB) concurrent with intravenous (IV) cocaine infusions.

The purpose of this current study is to establish the feasibility of, and preliminary support for, a clinical treatment program utilizing interventions from various empirically supported treatments for obesity-related eating disorders and substance use disorders

Cigarette smoking constitutes the greatest preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in the US. The most critical period for long term success of smoking cessation appears to be in the first 7 days after the quit date. A metaanalysis of 3 pharmacotherapy trials revealed that abstinence during the first 7 days was the strongest predictor of 6 month outcomes (n=1649; Odds ratio: 1.4, P <0.0001; Ashare et al. 2013). Prodigious relapse rates during this first week of smoking cessation are likely due to behavioral and neurobiological factors that contribute to high cue-associated craving and low executive control over smoking. The long term goal of the research is to develop evidence-based transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols to facilitate abstinence during this critical period.

This study will be carried out to determine the effect of motivational interviewing on the level of self-efficacy and addiction in smoking cessation in nursing students.

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of motivational interviewing based on change stages on digital game addiction. This study will be conducted with a total of 72 individuals assigned by a randomization site from all nursing students who study at Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Health Sciences, voluntarily participated in the study, and were found to be digital game addicts. These individuals will be equally distributed to the intervention and control groups. Personal Information Form, Stages of Change Questionnaire and Digital Game Addiction Scale will be distributed to individuals to answer. The obtained data will be analyzed statistically.

The Effectiveness of Skill-Based HIV Psychoeducation in IV-Drug abuser for reducing high-risk behavior

Addiction treatment is often characterized by long delays between first contact and treatment as well as high no-show and drop out rates leading to unused capacity in apparently full agencies. Patients do not get needed care and agency financial stability is threatened. The Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) began as a high-intensity improvement collaborative of 39 addiction treatment agencies distributed across 25 states. NIATx substantially improved time to treatment and continuation in treatment by making improvements to organizational processes (such as first contact, intake and assessment, engagement, level of care transitions, paperwork, social support, outreach, and scheduling) in preliminary studies. While the results are very encouraging, they have, by intent, been obtained from a select group of agencies using a high-cost combination of services. A more practical diffusion model is needed to spread process improvements across the spectrum of treatment agencies. This study is a cluster-randomized trial to test the effectiveness and cost of less expensive combinations of the services that make up the NIATx collaborative (interest circles, coach calls, coach visits and learning sessions).

The main focus of this study is to determine the use of nicotine-containing products across the three experimental conditions. Subjects will be monitored to determine their continued use of assigned cigarettes, switching to other combusted and/or non-combusted tobacco, or cessation of all tobacco containing products.