Active clinical trials for "Rectal Neoplasms"

Chemoprevention therapy is the use of certain drugs to try to prevent the development of cancer. The use of celecoxib has been approved for use in reducing the number of adenomatous colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). It is not known whether there is a clinical benefit from a reduction in the number of colorectal polyps in FAP patients. The use of celecoxib may be an effective way to prevent the development of sporadic adenomatous polyps, precursors of colorectal cancer. This randomized phase III trial is studying celecoxib to see how well it works compared to a placebo in preventing the development of adenomatous colorectal polyps in patients who have had at least one polyp removed.

The purpose of this study is to pilot test the efficacy of a patient-centered, tailored message intervention delivered via virtual human technology for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening within guidelines. Although participation is not limited to these groups, the study team is particularly interested in the feasibility of the intervention for reaching racial/ethnic minority and rural patients.

Hernia formation at sites of ostomy closure is a common complication. The investigator believes that using evidence based hernia repair techniques as a preventive measure during closure of ostomies will reduce the incidence of hernia formation. In this trial, the investigator will pilot a novel technique of large pore monofilament polypropylene mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall defects that remain after closure of an ileostomy to evaluate for safety and begin to evaluate the effectiveness compared to standard techniques.

Low Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and diversion loop ileostomy is a gold standard surgical treatment in rectal cancer. Ileostomy reversal performed in a second stage carries a high burden of postoperative complications. Terminal ileum and colon dysfunction during bowel disconnection could negatively influence postoperative morbimortality after loop ileostomy reversal in Rectal Cancer patients. Colonic microflora performs anaerobic breakdown of dietary fibre that reaches the gut in regular patients without ileostomy. One of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacteria is butyrate, the preferred substrate to be oxidized by colonocytes. The effects of butyrate irrigations before ileostomy closure on colonic mucosa will be studied in 45 rectal cancer patients. The effects of butyrate irrigation trough the efferent limb of loop ileostomy before its closure will be compared to the saline and non-irrigations group. Short term outcomes, colonic microbiota composition and functional outcomes will be evaluated after ileostomy reversal.

This phase II trial studies how well regorafenib works in reducing the return of disease in patients with rectal cancer that has not spread to another place in the body who have completed curative-intent treatment. Regorafenib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Regorafenib may also help keep cancer from coming back after it has disappeared following the initial therapy.

This phase II clinical trial is studying how well giving combination chemotherapy and bevacizumab with or without RO4929097 works in treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as oxaliplatin, leucovorin calcium, and fluorouracil, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. RO4929097 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy and bevacizumab is more effective with RO4929097 in treating patients with colorectal cancer.

This phase II trial studies how long it takes colorectal cancer resistant to standard treatment to grow while receiving treatment with ziv-aflibercept, and how well adding fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium to ziv-aflibercept works in treating patients with stage IV colorectal cancer after they progress on ziv-aflibercept alone. Ziv-aflibercept may stop the growth of colorectal cancer by blocking the formation of tumor blood vessels. Fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium are drugs used in chemotherapy. Fluorouracil works to stop the growth of tumors cells by preventing the cells from growing and dividing. Leucovorin calcium helps fluorouracil work better. Adding fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium to ziv-aflibercept may be an effective treatment for patients who progress on ziv-aflibercept alone.

We hypothesize that hand-assisted laparoscopy will overcome technical difficulties related to pure laparoscopic rectal surgery and allow surgeons to expand application of laparoscopic techniques to treating patients with rectal cancer. In this study, we plan to randomly assign patients diagnosed with rectal cancer to undergo either "standard" laparoscopic surgery or hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. We will then compare both peri-operative and long-term outcomes of patients.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has awarded cooperative agreements to 6 sites from across the country (Salt Lake City, UT, Molokai, HI, Houston, TX, Newark, NJ, Detroit, MI, and Baltimore City) to participate in a national 4-year demonstration (September 15, 2006 to September 30, 2010). One goal of the demonstration is to reduce disparities in cancer screening among seniors from U.S. racial and ethnic minority populations. Each site will focus on a specific racial/ethnic minority group, and collaborate with CMS in project implementation. A Core questionnaire, the Cancer Screening Assessment (CSA) will be administered at baseline to all participants in the demonstration. Participant identification, randomization, and intervention implementation will be standardized across sites. Goal: The proposal developed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in collaboration with the Baltimore City Community Health Coalition is designed to address persistent disparities in screening for breast, cervix, colon/rectum and prostate cancer among Baltimore City's seniors. Primary Objective: Conduct a randomized controlled trial (target N = 2,874) within a project, to compare the efficacy of 2 interventions that differ in intensity to improve continuity and outcomes of care among African Americans seniors. Among African American seniors, compared to a less intensive intervention (general information and educational materials), does the addition of facilitation services delivered by a health coordinator result in a greater improvement in adherence to cancer screening recommendations among those who are not known to have cancer? Study Population: We will recruit African American residents of Baltimore, age 65 years or older, and currently enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B. (Baltimore City's 82,202 seniors represent 13% of its population, and account for 68% of the City's cancer deaths. Among these seniors, 96% have Medicare Parts A and B, 54.5% have income levels at less than 250% of the federal poverty guideline, and 55.6% are African American.) Eligible participants will respond to a baseline questionnaire, Cancer Screening Assessment (CSA). They will then be randomized to receive a less intensive or more intensive intervention. The less intensive group will receive general information about cancer and Medicare covered services, and instructions to discuss the information with their primary care doctor. The more intensive group will receive the same information as the less intensive group receives, plus tailored facilitation services delivered by a nurse-supervised community health worker. The primary outcome variable will be the difference between randomized groups in adherence to screening for breast, cervix, colon/rectum and prostate cancer. A community advisory committee will guide all aspects of the study and will include important stake holders (both public and private sectors), representatives from the Baltimore City Community Health Coalition, the Baltimore City Department of Health, the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, community leaders, consumers, health care providers (physicians, oncologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, social workers, pathologists) and academicians.

Briefly, this is a 28-day dietary intervention study participants will be asked to eat 2 ounces (52 grams) of walnuts every day for 3 weeks, and at the end of the study period they will come in for a colonoscopy. Participants will first start a 1-week run-in period where they will be asked to avoid foods high in ellagic acid. In addition, they will be asked to complete food surveys and two sets of 3-day dietary records, and to provide colon biopsies for this study during their routine colonoscopy, as well as a blood, and two urine and stool samples. Urine samples will be used for analysis of urolithin, ellagic acid metabolites. Stool samples will be used to assess gut microbiota changes after walnut consumption. Dietary records will be used for compliance and Food Frequency Questionnaire will be used to assess dietary habits. Lastly, the biopsy samples will be used for analysis of biomarkers and anti-inflammatory in the colon, as well as adherent microbiome to the colonic tissue. Data will be analyzed based on the urolithin phenotypes.