Active clinical trials for "Pediatric Obesity"

The child will complete computerized tasks and paper-pencil test, and will be presented with symbols, letters, or numbers on a computer screen and asked to respond by pressing a button on the computer. Before each task a researcher will explain the instructions of the task and assess if the child needs a break before completing the next task. While the child is completing computerized tasks, the parent/guardian will be asked to fill out paper-pencil questionnaires about the child and to sign a release of medical information form so that we can study how physical markers of health effect cognition.

The incidence of childhood obesity is at epidemic levels and increasing in the UK. Obese adults are considered a high-risk group of patients for general anaesthesia with published national guidelines on the best practice management. The proportion of children presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia in the UK who are overweight or obese is currently unknown. Obese children are perceived to be at greater risk of complications from general anaesthesia. Previous non-UK studies suggest they take longer to recover from anaesthesia, require more medications to combat nausea and vomiting and are at greater risk of complications that may threaten their airway and breathing. This study involves reviewing the anaesthetic care record and patient notes to collect information relating to general anaesthesia and basic demographic data in children aged 2-16 years presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia. The aims of this study are to establish the prevalence of obesity in the paediatric surgical population (i.e. the proportion of children attending UK hospitals for procedures under general anaesthesia who are overweight or obese) and to ascertain whether obese children are at increased risk compared to their healthy weight counterparts. This information will be used with the goal of reducing avoidable harm both at national and local level in the future.

Feeding and growth during infancy have been associated with later life body mass index. Breastfeeding seems to have a small but consistent protective effect against obesity in children. The Cholesterol content of human milk is 6-fold greater than that of the standard infant formulas. Infants delivered by caesarean section may be at increased risk of childhood obesity and adulthood obesity.

The global epidemic of childhood obesity, with the accompanying rise in the prevalence of endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular comorbidities in youth, represents one of the most important public health issues of the modern world. Nevertheless, a distinct subgroup of youth with obesity less prone to the development of metabolic disturbances, called "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO), has come into focus. Defining the MHO subpopulation within the youth with obesity is of high importance in order to elucidate the mechanisms protecting against the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, and for its clinical, preventive, and therapeutic decision-making implications. Little is known about the mechanisms of development of metabolic disturbance in pediatric obesity. Cardiac autonomic function, which can be measured non-invasively with heart rate variability (HRV), has been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The aims of the present study were to investigate clinical, anthropometric, and socio-demographic and lifestyle predictors of MHO in this group and to asses correlation between HRV and the metabolic syndrome progression or improvement , in order to reveal if HRV can serve as a predictor to metabolic disturbance in pediatric obesity population Materials and Methods The study will be performed in the Nutrition and Obesity Clinic of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit at "Dana Dwek" Children's Hospital. All children and adolescents that that will be admitted to our clinic between January 2021 to December 2022 will include in the study. sociodemographic parameters will be collected from the medical files.Blood will be drawn for complete metabolic assesment. MUO children will be defined according to the recent international definition. Resting HRV will be measured by Pulse Oximeter (BM2000A/Shanghai Berry Electronic Tech Co., Ltd.). The measurement will be performed twice - at two consecutive visits at the clinic, as part as the routine follow up of the patient every 3 months.

Childhood obesity is increasing at a fast pace, together with its complications. The aim of the present study is to assess several candidate triggering agents, mechanisms and intermediate phenotypes of atherosclerosis during the post-prandial phase in the obese insulin-resistant child/adolescent.

Acute exercise has been shown to affect subsequent energy intake in obese adolescents. Indeed, it has been shown several times that an intensive bout of exercise (above 70% of the individual maximal capacities) can reduce energy intake at the following meal in obese adolescents, with no modification of his appetite feelings. Although this results has been replicated several times, it remains unknown if those nutritional adaptations are due to post-exercise modifications of some gastro-peptides implicated in appetite control, as detailed in adults. The aim of this work is to question whether or not post-exercise energy intake is explained by appetite-regulating hormones that are affected by the exercise bout in both lean and obese youth.

Children and adolescents with overweight and obesity are predisposed to significant health problems. It is known that childhood obesity can adversely affect almost every organ system, and if left untreated, the major impact of childhood overweight is likely to be felt in the next generation of adults. The aim of " Kijk op overgewicht bij kinderen" is to collect and follow-up longitudinal data from a population of different degrees of children with overweight regarding etiological factors, risk factors and early stages of chronic disease in different degrees of childhood overweight.

We showed, for the first time, that Z-score increase during obesity was dependent on sex, severity of obesity and age but also on the bone site. Although the increase in BMD at bearing areas seems to be logically explained by the assumption that mechanical stresses have an osteogenic effect on bone tissue, BMD can in no way respond to the concomitant increase in BMD at non-load bearing areas such as the radius. These results suggest that changes in certain systemic compounds, induced by obesity, may interfere with bone metabolism. Moreover, the fact that the BMD or Z score is positively and only correlated with muscle mass and not with fat mass confirm that mechanical stresses are not the only factors acting on bone tissue. Our objectives are to determine the relationship between plasma concentration of myokines, adipokines, bone markers and BMD in obese subjects.

The period from conception to 2 years of age ('first 1000 days') has been recognized as a critical period for long-lasting programming effects on later obesity and associated NCD and a window of opportunity to implement intervention for reducing and treating childhood obesity. However, there is a dearth of prospective intervention studies that address this nutritional problem in Jamaica and there are no reports of sustainable intervention. Jamaica is a middle income country in which overweight and obesity in children are also increasing at an alarming rate. The investigators in Jamaica are seeking to provide a more comprehensive knowledge on the link between early life nutrition and later childhood health and to assess the impact of an intervention of infant feeding counselling/education in mothers on growth and body composition in their offspring.

In adolescents with obesity cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has become an important clinical examination providing valuable information with regard to the integrative exercise responses, including the pulmonary, cardiovascular and muscular systems. During CPET, mechanical constraints in ventilation, an elevated risk for hypoxia and chronotropic incompetence (CI) (defined as the inability of the heart to increase its rate with increased activity), or compromised cardiac function (e.g. lowered heart rate (HR) recovery, chronotropic index and stroke volume) are often observed in obese adults. Moreover, several studies regarding exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary responses to maximal endurance exercise testing have been performed in obese adolescents. Despite these previous investigations in obese adolescents it remains controversial whether cardiopulmonary disturbances can be observed consistently during CPET. However, a number of studies have reported a suboptimal response to exercise, in particular a reduced peak heart rate (HRpeak) and peak cycling power output (Wpeak). Adult obesity modifies cardiac behavior, including resting HR and CI, which has a marked effect on exercise capacity. Therefore, chronotropic variables are the most important factors that affect exercise performance. It has been shown that both peak and resting HR account for over forty percent of variability of exercise capacity. Interestingly, resting HR and HR response to exercise, including a blunted HR increase, low chronotropic index and HR recovery, are important predictors of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death, at least in adults. These changes in HR during and recovery from CPET are mediated by the balance between sympathetic and vagal activity of the autonomic nervous system. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with the metabolic syndrome may be mediated by autonomic dysfunction, whereby obesity is characterized by sympathetic predominance and a decrease in vagal activity in the basal state, where reduced sympathetic responsiveness has been observed during exercise. Therefore, these multiple exercise risk markers could provide valuable clinical information regarding cardiometabolic health. Nonetheless HR behavior during CPET has not been described in obese adolescents. The goal of this study is to examine the HR behavior of obese adolescents during CPET to clarify whether this population suffer from CI.